diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 41b76d8a4a..ce85d06c62 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ probably need to split up your commit to finer grained pieces.
 
 Oh, another thing.  I am picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
 changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
-in templates/hooks--pre-commit.
+in templates/hooks--pre-commit.  To help ensure this does not happen,
+run git diff --check on your changes before you commit.
 
 
 (2) Generate your patch using git tools out of your commits.
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 3f2fa09a87..6ea7c76a6a 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -469,6 +469,13 @@ user.name::
 	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME' and 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'
 	environment variables.  See gitlink:git-commit-tree[1].
 
+user.signingkey::
+	If gitlink:git-tag[1] is not selecting the key you want it to
+	automatically when creating a signed tag, you can override the
+	default selection with this variable.  This option is passed
+	unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, so you may specify a key
+	using any method that gpg supports.
+
 whatchanged.difftree::
 	The default gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] arguments to be used
 	for gitlink:git-whatchanged[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index da1cc60e97..019a39f2bf 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@
 	Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
 	file gives the default to do so.
 
+--check::
+	Warn if changes introduce trailing whitespace
+	or an indent that uses a space before a tab.
+
 --full-index::
 	Instead of the first handful characters, show full
 	object name of pre- and post-image blob on the "index"
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index b87783cf09..47a583d3a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 The command finds the most recent tag that is reachable from a
 commit, and if the commit itself is pointed at by the tag, shows
-the tag.  Otherwise, it suffixes the tag name with abbreviated
-object name of the commit.
+the tag.  Otherwise, it suffixes the tag name with the number of
+additional commits and the abbreviated object name of the commit.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -52,12 +52,18 @@ EXAMPLES
 With something like git.git current tree, I get:
 
 	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git-describe parent
-	v1.0.4-g2414721b
+	v1.0.4-14-g2414721
 
 i.e. the current head of my "parent" branch is based on v1.0.4,
-but since it has a few commits on top of that, it has added the
-git hash of the thing to the end: "-g" + 8-char shorthand for
-the commit `2414721b194453f058079d897d13c4e377f92dc6`.
+but since it has a handful commits on top of that,
+describe has added the number of additional commits ("14") and
+an abbreviated object name for the commit itself ("2414721")
+at the end.
+
+The number of additional commits is the number
+of commits which would be displayed by "git log v1.0.4..parent".
+The hash suffix is "-g" + 7-char abbreviation for the tip commit
+of parent (which was `2414721b194453f058079d897d13c4e377f92dc6`).
 
 Doing a "git-describe" on a tag-name will just show the tag name:
 
@@ -68,10 +74,16 @@ With --all, the command can use branch heads as references, so
 the output shows the reference path as well:
 
 	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all --abbrev=4 v1.0.5^2
-	tags/v1.0.0-g975b
+	tags/v1.0.0-21-g975b
 
 	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all HEAD^
-	heads/lt/describe-g975b
+	heads/lt/describe-7-g975b
+
+With --abbrev set to 0, the command can be used to find the
+closest tagname without any suffix:
+
+	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --abbrev=0 v1.0.5^2
+	tags/v1.0.0
 
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 ---------------
@@ -97,7 +109,8 @@ will be the smallest number of commits possible.
 Author
 ------
 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>, but somewhat
-butchered by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+butchered by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.  Later significantly
+updated by Shawn Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
 
 Documentation
 --------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
index f93b79a85e..a88f722860 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ git-symbolic-ref - Read and modify symbolic refs
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git-symbolic-ref' [-q] <name> [<ref>]
+'git-symbolic-ref' [-q] [-m <reason>] <name> [<ref>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	symbolic ref but a detached HEAD; instead exit with
 	non-zero status silently.
 
+-m::
+	Update the reflog for <name> with <reason>.  This is valid only
+	when creating or updating a symbolic ref.
+
 NOTES
 -----
 In the past, `.git/HEAD` was a symbolic link pointing at
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 13c7aefbf3..3f01e0bfc5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -70,6 +70,16 @@ OPTIONS
 	Take the tag message from the given file.  Use '-' to
 	read the message from the standard input.
 
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+By default, git-tag in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
+committer identity (of the form "Your Name <your@email.address>") to
+find a key.  If you want to use a different default key, you can specify
+it in the repository configuration as follows:
+
+[user]
+    signingkey = <gpg-key-id>
+
 Author
 ------
 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>,
diff --git a/builtin-blame.c b/builtin-blame.c
index 4a1accf13c..7a58ee303f 100644
--- a/builtin-blame.c
+++ b/builtin-blame.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "revision.h"
+#include "quote.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 
 static char blame_usage[] =
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ static char blame_usage[] =
 "  -p, --porcelain     Show in a format designed for machine consumption\n"
 "  -L n,m              Process only line range n,m, counting from 1\n"
 "  -M, -C              Find line movements within and across files\n"
+"  --incremental       Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally\n"
 "  -S revs-file        Use revisions from revs-file instead of calling git-rev-list\n";
 
 static int longest_file;
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ static int max_digits;
 static int max_score_digits;
 static int show_root;
 static int blank_boundary;
+static int incremental;
 
 #ifndef DEBUG
 #define DEBUG 0
@@ -1069,72 +1072,6 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 		origin_decref(parent_origin[i]);
 }
 
-static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct rev_info *revs, int opt)
-{
-	while (1) {
-		struct blame_entry *ent;
-		struct commit *commit;
-		struct origin *suspect = NULL;
-
-		/* find one suspect to break down */
-		for (ent = sb->ent; !suspect && ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (!ent->guilty)
-				suspect = ent->suspect;
-		if (!suspect)
-			return; /* all done */
-
-		origin_incref(suspect);
-		commit = suspect->commit;
-		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_commit(commit);
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
-		    !(revs->max_age != -1 && commit->date  < revs->max_age))
-			pass_blame(sb, suspect, opt);
-		else {
-			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-			if (commit->object.parsed)
-				mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
-		}
-		/* treat root commit as boundary */
-		if (!commit->parents && !show_root)
-			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-
-		/* Take responsibility for the remaining entries */
-		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (!cmp_suspect(ent->suspect, suspect))
-				ent->guilty = 1;
-		origin_decref(suspect);
-
-		if (DEBUG) /* sanity */
-			sanity_check_refcnt(sb);
-	}
-}
-
-static const char *format_time(unsigned long time, const char *tz_str,
-			       int show_raw_time)
-{
-	static char time_buf[128];
-	time_t t = time;
-	int minutes, tz;
-	struct tm *tm;
-
-	if (show_raw_time) {
-		sprintf(time_buf, "%lu %s", time, tz_str);
-		return time_buf;
-	}
-
-	tz = atoi(tz_str);
-	minutes = tz < 0 ? -tz : tz;
-	minutes = (minutes / 100)*60 + (minutes % 100);
-	minutes = tz < 0 ? -minutes : minutes;
-	t = time + minutes * 60;
-	tm = gmtime(&t);
-
-	strftime(time_buf, sizeof(time_buf), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ", tm);
-	strcat(time_buf, tz_str);
-	return time_buf;
-}
-
 struct commit_info
 {
 	char *author;
@@ -1245,6 +1182,110 @@ static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
 	summary_buf[len] = 0;
 }
 
+static void write_filename_info(const char *path)
+{
+	printf("filename ");
+	write_name_quoted(NULL, 0, path, 1, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
+static void found_guilty_entry(struct blame_entry *ent)
+{
+	if (ent->guilty)
+		return;
+	ent->guilty = 1;
+	if (incremental) {
+		struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
+
+		printf("%s %d %d %d\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1),
+		       ent->s_lno + 1, ent->lno + 1, ent->num_lines);
+		if (!(suspect->commit->object.flags & METAINFO_SHOWN)) {
+			struct commit_info ci;
+			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
+			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
+			printf("author %s\n", ci.author);
+			printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail);
+			printf("author-time %lu\n", ci.author_time);
+			printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz);
+			printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer);
+			printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
+			printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
+			printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
+			printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
+			if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+				printf("boundary\n");
+		}
+		write_filename_info(suspect->path);
+	}
+}
+
+static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct rev_info *revs, int opt)
+{
+	while (1) {
+		struct blame_entry *ent;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		struct origin *suspect = NULL;
+
+		/* find one suspect to break down */
+		for (ent = sb->ent; !suspect && ent; ent = ent->next)
+			if (!ent->guilty)
+				suspect = ent->suspect;
+		if (!suspect)
+			return; /* all done */
+
+		origin_incref(suspect);
+		commit = suspect->commit;
+		if (!commit->object.parsed)
+			parse_commit(commit);
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
+		    !(revs->max_age != -1 && commit->date  < revs->max_age))
+			pass_blame(sb, suspect, opt);
+		else {
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			if (commit->object.parsed)
+				mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
+		}
+		/* treat root commit as boundary */
+		if (!commit->parents && !show_root)
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+
+		/* Take responsibility for the remaining entries */
+		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next)
+			if (!cmp_suspect(ent->suspect, suspect))
+				found_guilty_entry(ent);
+		origin_decref(suspect);
+
+		if (DEBUG) /* sanity */
+			sanity_check_refcnt(sb);
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *format_time(unsigned long time, const char *tz_str,
+			       int show_raw_time)
+{
+	static char time_buf[128];
+	time_t t = time;
+	int minutes, tz;
+	struct tm *tm;
+
+	if (show_raw_time) {
+		sprintf(time_buf, "%lu %s", time, tz_str);
+		return time_buf;
+	}
+
+	tz = atoi(tz_str);
+	minutes = tz < 0 ? -tz : tz;
+	minutes = (minutes / 100)*60 + (minutes % 100);
+	minutes = tz < 0 ? -minutes : minutes;
+	t = time + minutes * 60;
+	tm = gmtime(&t);
+
+	strftime(time_buf, sizeof(time_buf), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ", tm);
+	strcat(time_buf, tz_str);
+	return time_buf;
+}
+
 #define OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT	001
 #define OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME	002
 #define OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP	004
@@ -1279,13 +1320,13 @@ static void emit_porcelain(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent)
 		printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
 		printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
 		printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
-		printf("filename %s\n", suspect->path);
+		write_filename_info(suspect->path);
 		printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
 		if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			printf("boundary\n");
 	}
 	else if (suspect->commit->object.flags & MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH)
-		printf("filename %s\n", suspect->path);
+		write_filename_info(suspect->path);
 
 	cp = nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
 	for (cnt = 0; cnt < ent->num_lines; cnt++) {
@@ -1717,6 +1758,8 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				die("More than one '-L n,m' option given");
 			bottomtop = arg;
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp("--incremental", arg))
+			incremental = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp("--score-debug", arg))
 			output_option |= OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE;
 		else if (!strcmp("-f", arg) ||
@@ -1907,6 +1950,9 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	assign_blame(&sb, &revs, opt);
 
+	if (incremental)
+		return 0;
+
 	coalesce(&sb);
 
 	if (!(output_option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN))
diff --git a/builtin-branch.c b/builtin-branch.c
index 8cac2deaca..869e753a71 100644
--- a/builtin-branch.c
+++ b/builtin-branch.c
@@ -381,7 +381,8 @@ static void rename_branch(const char *oldname, const char *newname, int force)
 	if (rename_ref(oldref, newref, logmsg))
 		die("Branch rename failed");
 
-	if (!strcmp(oldname, head) && create_symref("HEAD", newref))
+	/* no need to pass logmsg here as HEAD didn't really move */
+	if (!strcmp(oldname, head) && create_symref("HEAD", newref, NULL))
 		die("Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!", newname);
 }
 
@@ -394,7 +395,6 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int kinds = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
 	int i;
 
-	setup_ident();
 	git_config(git_branch_config);
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
diff --git a/builtin-commit-tree.c b/builtin-commit-tree.c
index 0651e5927e..2a818a0a2c 100644
--- a/builtin-commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-commit-tree.c
@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unsigned int size;
 	int encoding_is_utf8;
 
-	setup_ident();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
 	if (argc < 2)
diff --git a/builtin-describe.c b/builtin-describe.c
index f3ac2d5f89..bcc645622a 100644
--- a/builtin-describe.c
+++ b/builtin-describe.c
@@ -91,6 +91,39 @@ static int compare_pt(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static unsigned long finish_depth_computation(
+	struct commit_list **list,
+	struct possible_tag *best)
+{
+	unsigned long seen_commits = 0;
+	while (*list) {
+		struct commit *c = pop_commit(list);
+		struct commit_list *parents = c->parents;
+		seen_commits++;
+		if (c->object.flags & best->flag_within) {
+			struct commit_list *a = *list;
+			while (a) {
+				struct commit *i = a->item;
+				if (!(i->object.flags & best->flag_within))
+					break;
+				a = a->next;
+			}
+			if (!a)
+				break;
+		} else
+			best->depth++;
+		while (parents) {
+			struct commit *p = parents->item;
+			parse_commit(p);
+			if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN))
+				insert_by_date(p, list);
+			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+	return seen_commits;
+}
+
 static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -166,12 +199,19 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
 	}
-	free_commit_list(list);
 
 	if (!match_cnt)
 		die("cannot describe '%s'", sha1_to_hex(cmit->object.sha1));
 
 	qsort(all_matches, match_cnt, sizeof(all_matches[0]), compare_pt);
+
+	if (gave_up_on) {
+		insert_by_date(gave_up_on, &list);
+		seen_commits--;
+	}
+	seen_commits += finish_depth_computation(&list, &all_matches[0]);
+	free_commit_list(list);
+
 	if (debug) {
 		for (cur_match = 0; cur_match < match_cnt; cur_match++) {
 			struct possible_tag *t = &all_matches[cur_match];
@@ -191,8 +231,9 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 	if (abbrev == 0)
 		printf("%s\n", all_matches[0].name->path );
 	else
-		printf("%s-g%s\n", all_matches[0].name->path,
-			   find_unique_abbrev(cmit->object.sha1, abbrev));
+		printf("%s-%d-g%s\n", all_matches[0].name->path,
+		       all_matches[0].depth,
+		       find_unique_abbrev(cmit->object.sha1, abbrev));
 
 	if (!last_one)
 		clear_commit_marks(cmit, -1);
diff --git a/builtin-init-db.c b/builtin-init-db.c
index 1865489381..12e43d0db4 100644
--- a/builtin-init-db.c
+++ b/builtin-init-db.c
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *git_dir, const char *template_path)
 	strcpy(path + len, "HEAD");
 	reinit = !read_ref("HEAD", sha1);
 	if (!reinit) {
-		if (create_symref("HEAD", "refs/heads/master") < 0)
+		if (create_symref("HEAD", "refs/heads/master", NULL) < 0)
 			exit(1);
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin-log.c b/builtin-log.c
index 56acc137f0..982d871887 100644
--- a/builtin-log.c
+++ b/builtin-log.c
@@ -380,7 +380,6 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	char message_id[1024];
 	char ref_message_id[1024];
 
-	setup_ident();
 	git_config(git_format_config);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
diff --git a/builtin-reflog.c b/builtin-reflog.c
index ebe3070e55..7c2443a1db 100644
--- a/builtin-reflog.c
+++ b/builtin-reflog.c
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused,
 	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cmd = cb_data;
 	struct expire_reflog_cb cb;
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	char *newlog_path = NULL;
+	char *log_file, *newlog_path = NULL;
 	int status = 0;
 
 	if (strncmp(ref, "refs/", 5))
@@ -255,7 +255,8 @@ static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused,
 	lock = lock_ref_sha1(ref + 5, sha1);
 	if (!lock)
 		return error("cannot lock ref '%s'", ref);
-	if (!file_exists(lock->log_file))
+	log_file = xstrdup(git_path("logs/%s", ref));
+	if (!file_exists(log_file))
 		goto finish;
 	if (!cmd->dry_run) {
 		newlog_path = xstrdup(git_path("logs/%s.lock", ref));
@@ -271,13 +272,14 @@ static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused,
 		if (fclose(cb.newlog))
 			status |= error("%s: %s", strerror(errno),
 					newlog_path);
-		if (rename(newlog_path, lock->log_file)) {
+		if (rename(newlog_path, log_file)) {
 			status |= error("cannot rename %s to %s",
-					newlog_path, lock->log_file);
+					newlog_path, log_file);
 			unlink(newlog_path);
 		}
 	}
 	free(newlog_path);
+	free(log_file);
 	unlock_ref(lock);
 	return status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin-symbolic-ref.c b/builtin-symbolic-ref.c
index 227c9d4a62..d41b40640b 100644
--- a/builtin-symbolic-ref.c
+++ b/builtin-symbolic-ref.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 
 static const char git_symbolic_ref_usage[] =
-"git-symbolic-ref [-q] name [ref]";
+"git-symbolic-ref [-q] [-m <reason>] name [ref]";
 
 static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
 {
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
 int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int quiet = 0;
+	const char *msg = NULL;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
@@ -34,6 +35,17 @@ int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			break;
 		else if (!strcmp("-q", arg))
 			quiet = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp("-m", arg)) {
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+			if (argc <= 1)
+				break;
+			msg = argv[1];
+			if (!*msg)
+				die("Refusing to perform update with empty message");
+			if (strchr(msg, '\n'))
+				die("Refusing to perform update with \\n in message");
+		}
 		else if (!strcmp("--", arg)) {
 			argc--;
 			argv++;
@@ -50,7 +62,7 @@ int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		check_symref(argv[1], quiet);
 		break;
 	case 3:
-		create_symref(argv[1], argv[2]);
+		create_symref(argv[1], argv[2], msg);
 		break;
 	default:
 		usage(git_symbolic_ref_usage);
diff --git a/builtin-update-ref.c b/builtin-update-ref.c
index b34e5987dd..1461937cb9 100644
--- a/builtin-update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin-update-ref.c
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int i, delete;
 
 	delete = 0;
-	setup_ident();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 9486132ac5..201704bacf 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ extern int read_ref(const char *filename, unsigned char *sha1);
 extern const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int, int *);
 extern int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
 
-extern int create_symref(const char *ref, const char *refs_heads_master);
+extern int create_symref(const char *ref, const char *refs_heads_master, const char *logmsg);
 extern int validate_headref(const char *ref);
 
 extern int base_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
@@ -319,7 +319,6 @@ int parse_date(const char *date, char *buf, int bufsize);
 void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize);
 unsigned long approxidate(const char *);
 
-extern int setup_ident(void);
 extern const char *git_author_info(int);
 extern const char *git_committer_info(int);
 
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
index 83a1d7b319..c787106764 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -670,7 +670,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	struct stat st;
 
 	setup_git_directory();
-	setup_ident();
 	git_config(fetch_pack_config);
 
 	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
diff --git a/git-checkout.sh b/git-checkout.sh
index 8ce48c3b4d..fb40cba275 100755
--- a/git-checkout.sh
+++ b/git-checkout.sh
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
 	fi
 	if test -n "$branch"
 	then
-		GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR" git-symbolic-ref HEAD "refs/heads/$branch"
+		GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR" git-symbolic-ref -m "checkout: moving to $branch" HEAD "refs/heads/$branch"
 	elif test -n "$detached"
 	then
 		# NEEDSWORK: we would want a command to detach the HEAD
@@ -266,8 +266,9 @@ if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
 		#	git update-ref --detach HEAD $new
 		# or something like that...
 		#
-		echo "$detached" >"$GIT_DIR/HEAD.new" &&
-		mv "$GIT_DIR/HEAD.new" "$GIT_DIR/HEAD" ||
+		git-rev-parse HEAD >"$GIT_DIR/HEAD.new" &&
+		mv "$GIT_DIR/HEAD.new" "$GIT_DIR/HEAD" &&
+		git-update-ref -m "checkout: moving to $arg" HEAD "$detached" ||
 			die "Cannot detach HEAD"
 		if test -n "$detach_warn"
 		then
diff --git a/git-tag.sh b/git-tag.sh
index 94499c9b36..988bf4c6a6 100755
--- a/git-tag.sh
+++ b/git-tag.sh
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ git-check-ref-format "tags/$name" ||
 object=$(git-rev-parse --verify --default HEAD "$@") || exit 1
 type=$(git-cat-file -t $object) || exit 1
 tagger=$(git-var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT) || exit 1
-: ${username:=$(expr "z$tagger" : 'z\(.*>\)')}
+
+keyid=$(git-repo-config user.signingkey) ||
+	keyid=$(expr "z$tagger" : 'z\(.*>\)')
 
 trap 'rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP* "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_EDITMSG' 0
 
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ if [ "$annotate" ]; then
       cat "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG ) >"$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP
     rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP.asc "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG
     if [ "$signed" ]; then
-	gpg -bsa -u "$username" "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP &&
+	gpg -bsa -u "$keyid" "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP &&
 	cat "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP.asc >>"$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP ||
 	die "failed to sign the tag with GPG."
     fi
diff --git a/http-fetch.c b/http-fetch.c
index 67dfb0a033..efd494a47f 100644
--- a/http-fetch.c
+++ b/http-fetch.c
@@ -1003,7 +1003,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int arg = 1;
 	int rc = 0;
 
-	setup_ident();
 	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index 0a15f53782..b128c0146c 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -2299,7 +2299,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	struct ref *ref;
 
 	setup_git_directory();
-	setup_ident();
 
 	remote = xcalloc(sizeof(*remote), 1);
 
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
index f9677905e5..6de7eeae4d 100644
--- a/ident.c
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -43,19 +43,13 @@ static void copy_gecos(struct passwd *w, char *name, int sz)
 
 }
 
-int setup_ident(void)
+static void copy_email(struct passwd *pw)
 {
-	int len;
-	struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(getuid());
-
-	if (!pw)
-		die("You don't exist. Go away!");
-
-	/* Get the name ("gecos") */
-	copy_gecos(pw, git_default_name, sizeof(git_default_name));
-
-	/* Make up a fake email address (name + '@' + hostname [+ '.' + domainname]) */
-	len = strlen(pw->pw_name);
+	/*
+	 * Make up a fake email address
+	 * (name + '@' + hostname [+ '.' + domainname])
+	 */
+	int len = strlen(pw->pw_name);
 	if (len > sizeof(git_default_email)/2)
 		die("Your sysadmin must hate you!");
 	memcpy(git_default_email, pw->pw_name, len);
@@ -68,13 +62,37 @@ int setup_ident(void)
 		len = strlen(git_default_email);
 		git_default_email[len++] = '.';
 		if (he && (domainname = strchr(he->h_name, '.')))
-			strlcpy(git_default_email + len, domainname + 1, sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
+			strlcpy(git_default_email + len, domainname + 1,
+				sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
 		else
-			strlcpy(git_default_email + len, "(none)", sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
+			strlcpy(git_default_email + len, "(none)",
+				sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
 	}
+}
+
+static void setup_ident(void)
+{
+	struct passwd *pw = NULL;
+
+	/* Get the name ("gecos") */
+	if (!git_default_name[0]) {
+		pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+		if (!pw)
+			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
+		copy_gecos(pw, git_default_name, sizeof(git_default_name));
+	}
+
+	if (!git_default_email[0]) {
+		if (!pw)
+			pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+		if (!pw)
+			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
+		copy_email(pw);
+	}
+
 	/* And set the default date */
-	datestamp(git_default_date, sizeof(git_default_date));
-	return 0;
+	if (!git_default_date[0])
+		datestamp(git_default_date, sizeof(git_default_date));
 }
 
 static int add_raw(char *buf, int size, int offset, const char *str)
@@ -174,6 +192,7 @@ static const char *get_ident(const char *name, const char *email,
 	char date[50];
 	int i;
 
+	setup_ident();
 	if (!name)
 		name = git_default_name;
 	if (!email)
diff --git a/local-fetch.c b/local-fetch.c
index cf99cb72dd..7cfe8b3587 100644
--- a/local-fetch.c
+++ b/local-fetch.c
@@ -210,7 +210,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	char **commit_id;
 	int arg = 1;
 
-	setup_ident();
 	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index c0fa096327..d8ca36bbdd 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -224,9 +224,14 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt, const char *sep)
 		printf("%s",
 		       diff_get_color(opt->diffopt.color_diff, DIFF_RESET));
 		putchar(opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE ? ' ' : '\n');
-		if (opt->reflog_info)
+		if (opt->reflog_info) {
 			show_reflog_message(opt->reflog_info,
 				    opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE);;
+			if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
+				printf("%s", sep);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
diff --git a/receive-pack.c b/receive-pack.c
index c4a475762d..c51f417aed 100644
--- a/receive-pack.c
+++ b/receive-pack.c
@@ -429,7 +429,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (is_repository_shallow())
 		die("attempt to push into a shallow repository");
 
-	setup_ident();
 	git_config(receive_pack_config);
 
 	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
diff --git a/reflog-walk.c b/reflog-walk.c
index 8e2cd2fcf6..82621601d6 100644
--- a/reflog-walk.c
+++ b/reflog-walk.c
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info* info, int oneline)
 			else
 				printf("%d", commit_reflog->reflogs->nr
 				       - 2 - commit_reflog->recno);
-			printf("}: ");
+			printf("}: %s", info->message);
 		}
 		else {
 			printf("Reflog: %s@{", commit_reflog->reflogs->ref);
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 12e46b8bbe..4a523086e3 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -309,53 +309,6 @@ const char *resolve_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *
 	return ref;
 }
 
-int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master)
-{
-	const char *lockpath;
-	char ref[1000];
-	int fd, len, written;
-	const char *git_HEAD = git_path("%s", ref_target);
-
-#ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
-	if (prefer_symlink_refs) {
-		unlink(git_HEAD);
-		if (!symlink(refs_heads_master, git_HEAD))
-			return 0;
-		fprintf(stderr, "no symlink - falling back to symbolic ref\n");
-	}
-#endif
-
-	len = snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "ref: %s\n", refs_heads_master);
-	if (sizeof(ref) <= len) {
-		error("refname too long: %s", refs_heads_master);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	lockpath = mkpath("%s.lock", git_HEAD);
-	fd = open(lockpath, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		error("Unable to open %s for writing", lockpath);
-		return -5;
-	}
-	written = write_in_full(fd, ref, len);
-	close(fd);
-	if (written != len) {
-		unlink(lockpath);
-		error("Unable to write to %s", lockpath);
-		return -2;
-	}
-	if (rename(lockpath, git_HEAD) < 0) {
-		unlink(lockpath);
-		error("Unable to create %s", git_HEAD);
-		return -3;
-	}
-	if (adjust_shared_perm(git_HEAD)) {
-		unlink(lockpath);
-		error("Unable to fix permissions on %s", lockpath);
-		return -4;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int read_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	if (resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, NULL))
@@ -680,7 +633,7 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *ref, const unsigned char
 	lock->lk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	lock->ref_name = xstrdup(ref);
-	lock->log_file = xstrdup(git_path("logs/%s", ref));
+	lock->orig_ref_name = xstrdup(orig_ref);
 	ref_file = git_path("%s", ref);
 	lock->force_write = lstat(ref_file, &st) && errno == ENOENT;
 
@@ -776,10 +729,10 @@ int delete_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 	 */
 	ret |= repack_without_ref(refname);
 
-	err = unlink(lock->log_file);
+	err = unlink(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
 	if (err && errno != ENOENT)
 		fprintf(stderr, "warning: unlink(%s) failed: %s",
-			lock->log_file, strerror(errno));
+			git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name), strerror(errno));
 	invalidate_cached_refs();
 	unlock_ref(lock);
 	return ret;
@@ -920,47 +873,50 @@ void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
 			rollback_lock_file(lock->lk);
 	}
 	free(lock->ref_name);
-	free(lock->log_file);
+	free(lock->orig_ref_name);
 	free(lock);
 }
 
-static int log_ref_write(struct ref_lock *lock,
-	const unsigned char *sha1, const char *msg)
+static int log_ref_write(const char *ref_name, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			 const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg)
 {
 	int logfd, written, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
 	unsigned maxlen, len;
 	int msglen;
-	char *logrec;
+	char *log_file, *logrec;
 	const char *committer;
 
 	if (log_all_ref_updates < 0)
 		log_all_ref_updates = !is_bare_repository();
 
+	log_file = git_path("logs/%s", ref_name);
+
 	if (log_all_ref_updates &&
-	    (!strncmp(lock->ref_name, "refs/heads/", 11) ||
-	     !strncmp(lock->ref_name, "refs/remotes/", 13))) {
-		if (safe_create_leading_directories(lock->log_file) < 0)
+	    (!strncmp(ref_name, "refs/heads/", 11) ||
+	     !strncmp(ref_name, "refs/remotes/", 13) ||
+	     !strcmp(ref_name, "HEAD"))) {
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories(log_file) < 0)
 			return error("unable to create directory for %s",
-				lock->log_file);
+				     log_file);
 		oflags |= O_CREAT;
 	}
 
-	logfd = open(lock->log_file, oflags, 0666);
+	logfd = open(log_file, oflags, 0666);
 	if (logfd < 0) {
 		if (!(oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == ENOENT)
 			return 0;
 
 		if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EISDIR) {
-			if (remove_empty_directories(lock->log_file)) {
+			if (remove_empty_directories(log_file)) {
 				return error("There are still logs under '%s'",
-					     lock->log_file);
+					     log_file);
 			}
-			logfd = open(lock->log_file, oflags, 0666);
+			logfd = open(log_file, oflags, 0666);
 		}
 
 		if (logfd < 0)
 			return error("Unable to append to %s: %s",
-				     lock->log_file, strerror(errno));
+				     log_file, strerror(errno));
 	}
 
 	msglen = 0;
@@ -982,8 +938,8 @@ static int log_ref_write(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	maxlen = strlen(committer) + msglen + 100;
 	logrec = xmalloc(maxlen);
 	len = sprintf(logrec, "%s %s %s\n",
-		      sha1_to_hex(lock->old_sha1),
-		      sha1_to_hex(sha1),
+		      sha1_to_hex(old_sha1),
+		      sha1_to_hex(new_sha1),
 		      committer);
 	if (msglen)
 		len += sprintf(logrec + len - 1, "\t%.*s\n", msglen, msg) - 1;
@@ -991,7 +947,7 @@ static int log_ref_write(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	free(logrec);
 	close(logfd);
 	if (written != len)
-		return error("Unable to append to %s", lock->log_file);
+		return error("Unable to append to %s", log_file);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1014,7 +970,9 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 		return -1;
 	}
 	invalidate_cached_refs();
-	if (log_ref_write(lock, sha1, logmsg) < 0) {
+	if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0 ||
+	    (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
+	     log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0)) {
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -1028,6 +986,65 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master,
+		  const char *logmsg)
+{
+	const char *lockpath;
+	char ref[1000];
+	int fd, len, written;
+	char *git_HEAD = xstrdup(git_path("%s", ref_target));
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
+
+	if (logmsg && read_ref(ref_target, old_sha1))
+		hashclr(old_sha1);
+
+#ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
+	if (prefer_symlink_refs) {
+		unlink(git_HEAD);
+		if (!symlink(refs_heads_master, git_HEAD))
+			goto done;
+		fprintf(stderr, "no symlink - falling back to symbolic ref\n");
+	}
+#endif
+
+	len = snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "ref: %s\n", refs_heads_master);
+	if (sizeof(ref) <= len) {
+		error("refname too long: %s", refs_heads_master);
+		goto error_free_return;
+	}
+	lockpath = mkpath("%s.lock", git_HEAD);
+	fd = open(lockpath, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		error("Unable to open %s for writing", lockpath);
+		goto error_free_return;
+	}
+	written = write_in_full(fd, ref, len);
+	close(fd);
+	if (written != len) {
+		error("Unable to write to %s", lockpath);
+		goto error_unlink_return;
+	}
+	if (rename(lockpath, git_HEAD) < 0) {
+		error("Unable to create %s", git_HEAD);
+		goto error_unlink_return;
+	}
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(git_HEAD)) {
+		error("Unable to fix permissions on %s", lockpath);
+	error_unlink_return:
+		unlink(lockpath);
+	error_free_return:
+		free(git_HEAD);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	done:
+	if (logmsg && !read_ref(refs_heads_master, new_sha1))
+		log_ref_write(ref_target, old_sha1, new_sha1, logmsg);
+
+	free(git_HEAD);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static char *ref_msg(const char *line, const char *endp)
 {
 	const char *ep;
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index 33450f13e7..94a58b41fb 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 struct ref_lock {
 	char *ref_name;
-	char *log_file;
+	char *orig_ref_name;
 	struct lock_file *lk;
 	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
 	int lock_fd;
diff --git a/ssh-fetch.c b/ssh-fetch.c
index 4c172b6824..bdf51a7a14 100644
--- a/ssh-fetch.c
+++ b/ssh-fetch.c
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	prog = getenv("GIT_SSH_PUSH");
 	if (!prog) prog = "git-ssh-upload";
 
-	setup_ident();
 	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
diff --git a/var.c b/var.c
index 39977b949a..e585e59d31 100644
--- a/var.c
+++ b/var.c
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	setup_git_directory();
-	setup_ident();
 	val = NULL;
 
 	if (strcmp(argv[1], "-l") == 0) {