Merge branch 'master' of git://repo.or.cz/alt-git

2026-03-13 10:23:30 +01:00 · 2008-03-16 20:31:03 +01:00
parent c9df829f07 7092882c84
commit 698c039afe
130 changed files with 5856 additions and 2945 deletions
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4.4
+--------------------
+
+ * You couldn't specify a custom editor whose path contains a whitespace
+   via GIT_EDITOR (and core.editor).
+
+ * The subdirectory filter to "git filter-branch" mishandled a history
+   where the subdirectory becomes empty and then later becomes non-empty.
+
+ * "git shortlog" gave an empty line if the original commit message was
+   malformed (e.g. a botched import from foreign SCM).  Now it finds the
+   first non-empty line and uses it for better information.
+
+ * When the user fails to give a revision parameter to "git svn", an error
+   from the Perl interpreter was issued because the script lacked proper
+   error checking.
+
+ * After "git rebase" stopped due to conflicts, if the user played with
+   "git reset" and friends, "git rebase --abort" failed to go back to the
+   correct commit.
+
+ * Additional work trees prepared with git-new-workdir (in contrib/) did
+   not share git-svn metadata directory .git/svn with the original.
+
+ * "git-merge-recursive" did not mark addition of the same path with
+   different filemodes correctly as a conflict.
+
+ * "gitweb" gave malformed URL when pathinfo stype paths are in use.
+
+ * "-n" stands for "--no-tags" again for "git fetch".
+
+ * "git format-patch" did not detect the need to add 8-bit MIME header
+   when the user used format.header configuration.
+
+ * "rev~" revision specifier used to mean "rev", which was inconsistent
+   with how "rev^" worked.  Now "rev~" is the same as "rev~1" (hence it
+   also is the same as "rev^1"), and "rev~0" is the same as "rev^0"
+   (i.e. it has to be a commit).
+
+ * "git quiltimport" did not grok empty lines, lines in "file -pNNN"
+   format to specify the prefix levels and lines with trailing comments.
+
+ * "git rebase -m" triggered pre-commit verification, which made
+   "rebase --continue" impossible.
+
+--
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+echo O=$(git describe maint)
+O=v1.5.4.4-25-ga6f7728
+git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,16 @@ Updates since v1.5.4

 (subsystems)

- * Comes with git-gui 0.9.3
+ * Comes with git-gui 0.9.3.
+
+(portability)
+
+ * We shouldn't ask for BSD group ownership semantics by setting g+s bit
+   on directories on older BSD systems that refuses chmod() by non root
+   users.  BSD semantics is the default there anyway.
+
+ * Bunch of portability improvement patches coming from an effort to port
+   to Solaris has been applied.

 (performance)

@@ -27,6 +36,9 @@ Updates since v1.5.4

 (usability, bells and whistles)

+ * Bash completion script (in contrib) are aware of more commands and
+   options.
+
 * You can be warned when core.autocrlf conversion is applied in
   such a way that results in an irreversible conversion.

@@ -54,11 +66,6 @@ Updates since v1.5.4
   used to tell "git-fetch" and "git-push" to use different URL than what
   is given from the command line.

- * "git push <somewhere> HEAD" and "git push <somewhere> +HEAD" works as
-   expected; they push the current branch (and only the current branch).
-   In addition, HEAD can be written as the value of "remote.<there>.push"
-   configuration variable.
-
 * "git add -i" behaves better even before you make an initial commit.

 * "git am" refused to run from a subdirectory without a good reason.
@@ -114,24 +121,46 @@ Updates since v1.5.4

 * "git gc" learned --quiet option.

+ * "git gc" now automatically prunes unreachable objects that are two
+   weeks old or older.
+
 * "git grep" now knows "--name-only" is a synonym for the "-l" option.

 * "git help <alias>" now reports "'git <alias>' is alias to <what>",
   instead of saying "No manual entry for git-<alias>".

+ * "git help" can use different backends to show manual pages and this can
+   be configured using "man.viewer" configuration.
+
+ * "gitk" does not restore window position from $HOME/.gitk anymore (it
+   still restores the size).
+
 * "git log --grep=<what>" learned "--fixed-strings" option to look for
   <what> without treating it as a regular expression.

 * "git gui" learned an auto-spell checking.

+ * "git push <somewhere> HEAD" and "git push <somewhere> +HEAD" works as
+   expected; they push the current branch (and only the current branch).
+   In addition, HEAD can be written as the value of "remote.<there>.push"
+   configuration variable.
+
+ * When the configuration variable "pack.threads" is set to 0, "git
+   repack" auto detects the number of CPUs and uses that many threads.
+
 * "git send-email" learned to prompt for passwords
   interactively.

 * "git send-email" learned an easier way to suppress CC
   recipients.

- * When the configuration variable "pack.threads" is set to 0, "git
-   repack" auto detects the number of CPUs and uses that many threads.
+ * "git stash" learned "pop" command, that applies the latest stash and
+   removes it from the stash, and "drop" command to discard the named
+   stash entry.
+
+ * "git submodule" learned a new subcommand "summary" to show the
+   symmetric difference between the HEAD version and the work tree version
+   of the submodule commits.

 * Various "git cvsimport", "git cvsexportcommit", "git svn" and
   "git p4" improvements.
@@ -146,6 +175,8 @@ Updates since v1.5.4

 * "git checkout" is rewritten in C.

+ * "git remote" is rewritten in C.
+
 * Two conflict hunks that are separated by a very short span of common
   lines are now coalesced into one larger hunk, to make the result easier
   to read.
@@ -153,6 +184,8 @@ Updates since v1.5.4
 * Run-command API's use of file descriptors is documented clearer and
   is more consistent now.

+ * diff output can be sent to FILE * that is different from stdout.  This
+   will help reimplementing more things in C.

 Fixes since v1.5.4
 ------------------
@@ -168,6 +201,6 @@ this release, unless otherwise noted.

 ---
 exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.5.4.3-428-g6b48990
+O=v1.5.4.4-620-gc817faa
 echo O=`git describe refs/heads/master`
 git shortlog --no-merges $O..refs/heads/master ^refs/heads/maint
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -420,6 +420,11 @@ branch.<name>.rebase::
 	it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 	for details).

+browser.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
+	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
+	as arguments. (See linkgit:git-web--browse[1].)
+
 browser.<tool>.path::
 	Override the path for the given tool that may be used to
 	browse HTML help (see '-w' option in linkgit:git-help[1]) or a
@@ -590,6 +595,10 @@ gc.packrefs::
 	at some stage, and setting this to `false` will continue to
 	prevent `git pack-refs` from being run from `git gc`.

+gc.pruneexpire::
+	When `git gc` is run, it will call `prune --expire 2.weeks.ago`.
+	Override the grace period with this config variable.
+
 gc.reflogexpire::
 	`git reflog expire` removes reflog entries older than
 	this time; defaults to 90 days.
@@ -748,6 +757,10 @@ log.showroot::
 	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
 	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.

+man.viewer::
+	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
+	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
+
 merge.summary::
 	Whether to include summaries of merged commits in newly created
 	merge commit messages. False by default.
@@ -860,7 +873,7 @@ pack.indexVersion::
 	whenever the corresponding pack is larger than 2 GB.  Otherwise
 	the default is 1.

-pack.packSizeLimit:
+pack.packSizeLimit::
 	The default maximum size of a pack.  This setting only affects
 	packing to a file, i.e. the git:// protocol is unaffected.  It
 	can be overridden by the `\--max-pack-size` option of
--- a/Documentation/git-add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -207,16 +207,14 @@ patch::
  and the working tree file and asks you if you want to stage
  the change of each hunk.  You can say:

-       y - add the change from that hunk to index
-       n - do not add the change from that hunk to index
-       a - add the change from that hunk and all the rest to index
-       d - do not the change from that hunk nor any of the rest to index
-       j - do not decide on this hunk now, and view the next
-           undecided hunk
-       J - do not decide on this hunk now, and view the next hunk
-       k - do not decide on this hunk now, and view the previous
-           undecided hunk
-       K - do not decide on this hunk now, and view the previous hunk
+       y - stage this hunk
+       n - do not stage this hunk
+       a - stage this and all the remaining hunks in the file
+       d - do not stage this hunk nor any of the remaining hunks in the file
+       j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
+       J - leave this hunk undecided, see next hunk
+       k - leave this hunk undecided, see previous undecided hunk
+       K - leave this hunk undecided, see previous hunk
       s - split the current hunk into smaller hunks
       ? - print help
 +
--- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository

 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git-gc' [--prune] [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet]
+'git-gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet]

 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -25,17 +25,6 @@ operating performance. Some git commands may automatically run
 OPTIONS
 -------

--prune::
-	Usually `git-gc` packs refs, expires old reflog entries,
-	packs loose objects,
-	and removes old 'rerere' records.  Removal
-	of unreferenced loose objects is an unsafe operation
-	while other git operations are in progress, so it is not
-	done by default.  Pass this option if you want it, and only
-	when you know nobody else is creating new objects in the
-	repository at the same time (e.g. never use this option
-	in a cron script).
-
 --aggressive::
 	Usually 'git-gc' runs very quickly while providing good disk
 	space utilization and performance.  This option will cause
@@ -104,6 +93,10 @@ the value, the more time is spent optimizing the delta compression.  See
 the documentation for the --window' option in linkgit:git-repack[1] for
 more details.  This defaults to 10.

+The optional configuration variable 'gc.pruneExpire' controls how old
+the unreferenced loose objects have to be before they are pruned.  The
+default is "2 weeks ago".
+
 See Also
 --------
 linkgit:git-prune[1]
--- a/Documentation/git-help.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -33,17 +33,21 @@ OPTIONS
 	option supersedes any other option.

 -i|--info::
-	Use the 'info' program to display the manual page, instead of
-	the 'man' program that is used by default.
+	Display manual page for the command in the 'info' format. The
+	'info' program will be used for that purpose.

 -m|--man::
-	Use the 'man' program to display the manual page. This may be
-	used to override a value set in the 'help.format'
-	configuration variable.
+	Display manual page for the command in the 'man' format. This
+	option may be used to override a value set in the
+	'help.format' configuration variable.
+
+By default the 'man' program will be used to display the manual page,
+but the 'man.viewer' configuration variable may be used to choose
+other display programs (see below).

 -w|--web::
-	Use a web browser to display the HTML manual page, instead of
-	the 'man' program that is used by default.
+	Display manual page for the command in the 'web' (HTML)
+	format. A web browser will be used for that purpose.
 +
 The web browser can be specified using the configuration variable
 'help.browser', or 'web.browser' if the former is not set. If none of
@@ -54,6 +58,9 @@ linkgit:git-web--browse[1] for more information about this.
 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
 -----------------------

+help.format
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 If no command line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration
 variable will be checked. The following values are supported for this
 variable; they make 'git-help' behave as their corresponding command
@@ -61,15 +68,47 @@ line option:

 * "man" corresponds to '-m|--man',
 * "info" corresponds to '-i|--info',
-* "web" or "html" correspond to '-w|--web',
+* "web" or "html" correspond to '-w|--web'.
+
+help.browser, web.browser and browser.<tool>.path
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 The 'help.browser', 'web.browser' and 'browser.<tool>.path' will also
 be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command line
 option or configuration variable). See '-w|--web' in the OPTIONS
 section above and linkgit:git-web--browse[1].

-Note that these configuration variables should probably be set using
-the '--global' flag, for example like this:
+man.viewer
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The 'man.viewer' config variable will be checked if the 'man' format
+is chosen. Only the following values are currently supported:
+
+* "man": use the 'man' program as usual,
+* "woman": use 'emacsclient' to launch the "woman" mode in emacs
+(this only works starting with emacsclient versions 22),
+* "konqueror": use a man KIO slave in konqueror.
+
+Multiple values may be given to this configuration variable. Their
+corresponding programs will be tried in the order listed in the
+configuration file.
+
+For example, this configuration:
+
+	[man]
+		viewer = konqueror
+		viewer = woman
+
+will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example if
+DISPLAY is not set) and in that case emacs' woman mode will be tried.
+
+If everything fails the 'man' program will be tried anyway.
+
+Note about git config --global
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Note that all these configuration variables should probably be set
+using the '--global' flag, for example like this:

 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git config --global help.format web
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git-submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch] [--] <repository> [<path>]
 'git-submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--] [<path>...]
 'git-submodule' [--quiet] [init|update] [--] [<path>...]
+'git-submodule' [--quiet] summary [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]


 COMMANDS
@@ -47,6 +48,11 @@ update::
 	checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
 	This will make the submodules HEAD be detached.

+summary::
+	Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
+	working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
+	in the submodule between the given super project commit and the
+	index or working tree (switched by --cached) are shown.

 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -57,9 +63,16 @@ OPTIONS
 	Branch of repository to add as submodule.

 --cached::
-	Display the SHA-1 stored in the index, not the SHA-1 of the currently
-	checked out submodule commit. This option is only valid for the
-	status command.
+	This option is only valid for status and summary commands.  These
+	commands typically use the commit found in the submodule HEAD, but
+	with this option, the commit stored in the index is used instead.
+
+-n, --summary-limit::
+	This option is only valid for the summary command.
+	Limit the summary size (number of commits shown in total).
+	Giving 0 will disable the summary; a negative number means unlimted
+	(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
+	size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.

 <path>::
 	Path to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
--- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ The following browsers (or commands) are currently supported:
 * dillo
 * open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI)

+Custom commands may also be specified.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -b BROWSER|--browser=BROWSER::
@@ -43,16 +45,35 @@ OPTIONS
 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
 -----------------------

+CONF.VAR (from -c option) and web.browser
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 The web browser can be specified using a configuration variable passed
 with the -c (or --config) command line option, or the 'web.browser'
 configuration variable if the former is not used.

+browser.<tool>.path
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 You can explicitly provide a full path to your preferred browser by
 setting the configuration variable 'browser.<tool>.path'. For example,
 you can configure the absolute path to firefox by setting
 'browser.firefox.path'. Otherwise, 'git-web--browse' assumes the tool
 is available in PATH.

+browser.<tool>.cmd
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When the browser, specified by options or configuration variables, is
+not among the supported ones, then the corresponding
+'browser.<tool>.cmd' configuration variable will be looked up. If this
+variable exists then "git web--browse" will treat the specified tool
+as a custom command and will use a shell eval to run the command with
+the URLs passed as arguments.
+
+Note about git config --global
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 Note that these configuration variables should probably be set using
 the '--global' flag, for example like this:

--- a/Documentation/manpage-1.72.xsl
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-1.72.xsl
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-<!-- callout.xsl: converts asciidoc callouts to man page format -->
+<!-- Based on callouts.xsl. Fixes man page callouts for DocBook 1.72 XSL -->
 <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
+
+<xsl:param name="man.output.quietly" select="1"/>
+<xsl:param name="refentry.meta.get.quietly" select="1"/>
+
 <xsl:template match="co">
 	<xsl:value-of select="concat('&#x2593;fB(',substring-after(@id,'-'),')&#x2593;fR')"/>
 </xsl:template>
--- a/7
+++ b/7
@@ -148,6 +148,9 @@ all::
 # is a simplified version of the merge sort used in glibc. This is
 # recommended if Git triggers O(n^2) behavior in your platform's qsort().
 #
+# Define NO_EXTERNAL_GREP if you don't want "git grep" to ever call
+# your external grep (e.g., if your system lacks grep, if its grep is
+# broken, or spawning external process is slower than built-in grep git has).

 GIT-VERSION-FILE: .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -796,6 +799,9 @@ endif
 ifdef DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DDIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS
 endif
+ifdef NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_EXTERNAL_GREP
+endif

 ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
 NO_TCLTK=NoThanks
@@ -903,6 +909,7 @@ common-cmds.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git-*.txt)
 $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) : % : %.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's|@SHELL_PATH@|$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
 	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
 	    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
--- a/builtin-fetch.c
+++ b/builtin-fetch.c
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 		    "force overwrite of local branch"),
 	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
 		    "fetch all tags and associated objects", TAGS_SET),
+	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
+		    "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, "keep downloaded pack"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
 		    "allow updating of HEAD ref"),
--- a/builtin-gc.c
+++ b/builtin-gc.c
@@ -26,12 +26,13 @@ static int pack_refs = 1;
 static int aggressive_window = -1;
 static int gc_auto_threshold = 6700;
 static int gc_auto_pack_limit = 20;
+static char *prune_expire = "2.weeks.ago";

 #define MAX_ADD 10
 static const char *argv_pack_refs[] = {"pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL};
 static const char *argv_reflog[] = {"reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL};
 static const char *argv_repack[MAX_ADD] = {"repack", "-d", "-l", NULL};
-static const char *argv_prune[] = {"prune", NULL};
+static const char *argv_prune[] = {"prune", "--expire", NULL, NULL};
 static const char *argv_rerere[] = {"rerere", "gc", NULL};

 static int gc_config(const char *var, const char *value)
@@ -55,6 +56,17 @@ static int gc_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		gc_auto_pack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.pruneexpire")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		if (strcmp(value, "now")) {
+			unsigned long now = approxidate("now");
+			if (approxidate(value) >= now)
+				return error("Invalid %s: '%s'", var, value);
+		}
+		prune_expire = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	return git_default_config(var, value);
 }

@@ -234,7 +246,8 @@ int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_repack, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_repack[0]);

-	if (prune && run_command_v_opt(argv_prune, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+	argv_prune[2] = prune_expire;
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_prune, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_prune[0]);

 	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_rerere, RUN_GIT_CMD))
--- a/builtin-grep.c
+++ b/builtin-grep.c
@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "grep.h"

+#ifndef NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
+#ifdef __unix__
+#define NO_EXTERNAL_GREP 0
+#else
+#define NO_EXTERNAL_GREP 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /*
 * git grep pathspecs are somewhat different from diff-tree pathspecs;
 * pathname wildcards are allowed.
@@ -153,7 +161,7 @@ static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 	return i;
 }

-#ifdef __unix__
+#if !NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
 static int exec_grep(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	pid_t pid;
@@ -372,7 +380,7 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths, int cached)
 	int nr;
 	read_cache();

-#ifdef __unix__
+#if !NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
 	/*
 	 * Use the external "grep" command for the case where
 	 * we grep through the checked-out files. It tends to
--- a/builtin-log.c
+++ b/builtin-log.c
@@ -662,6 +662,7 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 	int i;
 	const char *encoding = "utf-8";
 	struct diff_options opts;
+	int need_8bit_cte = 0;

 	if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		die("Cover letter needs email format");
@@ -672,7 +673,8 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,

 	head_sha1 = sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1);

-	log_write_email_headers(rev, head_sha1, &subject_start, &extra_headers);
+	log_write_email_headers(rev, head_sha1, &subject_start, &extra_headers,
+				&need_8bit_cte);

 	committer = git_committer_info(0);

@@ -681,7 +683,7 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 	pp_user_info(NULL, CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &sb, committer, DATE_RFC2822,
 		     encoding);
 	pp_title_line(CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &msg, &sb, subject_start, extra_headers,
-		      encoding, 0);
+		      encoding, need_8bit_cte);
 	pp_remainder(CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &msg, &sb, 0);
 	printf("%s\n", sb.buf);

--- a/builtin-merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin-merge-file.c
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)

 		if (!f)
 			ret = error("Could not open %s for writing", filename);
-		else if (fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
+		else if (result.size &&
+			 fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
 			ret = error("Could not write to %s", filename);
 		else if (fclose(f))
 			ret = error("Could not close %s", filename);
--- a/builtin-merge-recursive.c
+++ b/builtin-merge-recursive.c
@@ -668,9 +668,20 @@ static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct diff_filespec *o,
 		if (!sha_eq(a->sha1, o->sha1) && !sha_eq(b->sha1, o->sha1))
 			result.merge = 1;

-		result.mode = a->mode == o->mode ? b->mode: a->mode;
+		/*
+		 * Merge modes
+		 */
+		if (a->mode == b->mode || a->mode == o->mode)
+			result.mode = b->mode;
+		else {
+			result.mode = a->mode;
+			if (b->mode != o->mode) {
+				result.clean = 0;
+				result.merge = 1;
+			}
+		}

-		if (sha_eq(a->sha1, o->sha1))
+		if (sha_eq(a->sha1, b->sha1) || sha_eq(a->sha1, o->sha1))
 			hashcpy(result.sha, b->sha1);
 		else if (sha_eq(b->sha1, o->sha1))
 			hashcpy(result.sha, a->sha1);
--- a/builtin-pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin-pack-objects.c
@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 	struct pack_header hdr;
 	int do_progress = progress >> pack_to_stdout;
 	uint32_t nr_remaining = nr_result;
+	time_t last_mtime = 0;

 	if (do_progress)
 		progress_state = start_progress("Writing objects", nr_result);
@@ -504,6 +505,7 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)

 		if (!pack_to_stdout) {
 			mode_t mode = umask(0);
+			struct stat st;
 			char *idx_tmp_name, tmpname[PATH_MAX];

 			umask(mode);
@@ -511,6 +513,7 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)

 			idx_tmp_name = write_idx_file(NULL, written_list,
 						      nr_written, sha1);
+
 			snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "%s-%s.pack",
 				 base_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			if (adjust_perm(pack_tmp_name, mode))
@@ -519,6 +522,28 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			if (rename(pack_tmp_name, tmpname))
 				die("unable to rename temporary pack file: %s",
 				    strerror(errno));
+
+			/*
+			 * Packs are runtime accessed in their mtime
+			 * order since newer packs are more likely to contain
+			 * younger objects.  So if we are creating multiple
+			 * packs then we should modify the mtime of later ones
+			 * to preserve this property.
+			 */
+			if (stat(tmpname, &st) < 0) {
+				warning("failed to stat %s: %s",
+					tmpname, strerror(errno));
+			} else if (!last_mtime) {
+				last_mtime = st.st_mtime;
+			} else {
+				struct utimbuf utb;
+				utb.actime = st.st_atime;
+				utb.modtime = --last_mtime;
+				if (utime(tmpname, &utb) < 0)
+					warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
+						tmpname, strerror(errno));
+			}
+
 			snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "%s-%s.idx",
 				 base_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			if (adjust_perm(idx_tmp_name, mode))
@@ -527,6 +552,7 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			if (rename(idx_tmp_name, tmpname))
 				die("unable to rename temporary index file: %s",
 				    strerror(errno));
+
 			free(idx_tmp_name);
 			free(pack_tmp_name);
 			puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
--- a/builtin-read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-read-tree.c
@@ -13,16 +13,15 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "builtin.h"

-#define MAX_TREES 8
 static int nr_trees;
-static struct tree *trees[MAX_TREES];
+static struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];

 static int list_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct tree *tree;

-	if (nr_trees >= MAX_TREES)
-		die("I cannot read more than %d trees", MAX_TREES);
+	if (nr_trees >= MAX_UNPACK_TREES)
+		die("I cannot read more than %d trees", MAX_UNPACK_TREES);
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	if (!tree)
 		return -1;
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd, stage = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct tree_desc t[MAX_TREES];
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;

 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
--- a/builtin-shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin-shortlog.c
@@ -229,7 +229,9 @@ int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct shortlog log;
 	struct rev_info rev;
+	int nongit;

+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 	shortlog_init(&log);

 	/* since -n is a shadowed rev argument, parse our args first */
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die ("unrecognized argument: %s", argv[1]);

 	/* assume HEAD if from a tty */
-	if (!rev.pending.nr && isatty(0))
+	if (!nongit && !rev.pending.nr && isatty(0))
 		add_head_to_pending(&rev);
 	if (rev.pending.nr == 0) {
 		read_from_stdin(&log);
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ extern void pretty_print_commit(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit*,
                                struct strbuf *,
                                int abbrev, const char *subject,
                                const char *after_subject, enum date_mode,
-				int non_ascii_present);
+				int need_8bit_cte);
 void pp_user_info(const char *what, enum cmit_fmt fmt, struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *line, enum date_mode dmode,
 		   const char *encoding);
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ void pp_title_line(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
 		   const char *subject,
 		   const char *after_subject,
 		   const char *encoding,
-		   int plain_non_ascii);
+		   int need_8bit_cte);
 void pp_remainder(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
--- a/config.mak.in
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -46,4 +46,5 @@ NO_MKDTEMP=@NO_MKDTEMP@
 NO_ICONV=@NO_ICONV@
 OLD_ICONV=@OLD_ICONV@
 NO_DEFLATE_BOUND=@NO_DEFLATE_BOUND@
+FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=@FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES@
 SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=@SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS@
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -327,6 +327,26 @@ else
 fi
 AC_SUBST(NO_C99_FORMAT)
 #
+# Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
+# when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether system succeeds to read fopen'ed directory],
+ [ac_cv_fread_reads_directories],
+[
+AC_RUN_IFELSE(
+	[AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT],
+		[[char c;
+		FILE *f = fopen(".", "r");
+		return f && fread(&c, 1, 1, f)]])],
+	[ac_cv_fread_reads_directories=no],
+	[ac_cv_fread_reads_directories=yes])
+])
+if test $ac_cv_fread_reads_directories = yes; then
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=UnfortunatelyYes
+else
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=
+fi
+AC_SUBST(FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES)
+#
 # Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
 # or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
 # have been written to the final string if enough space had been available.
--- a/contrib/examples/git-rerere.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-rerere.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# REuse REcorded REsolve.  This tool records a conflicted automerge
+# result and its hand resolution, and helps to resolve future
+# automerge that results in the same conflict.
+#
+# To enable this feature, create a directory 'rr-cache' under your
+# .git/ directory.
+
+use Digest;
+use File::Path;
+use File::Copy;
+
+my $git_dir = $::ENV{GIT_DIR} || ".git";
+my $rr_dir = "$git_dir/rr-cache";
+my $merge_rr = "$git_dir/rr-cache/MERGE_RR";
+
+my %merge_rr = ();
+
+sub read_rr {
+	if (!-f $merge_rr) {
+		%merge_rr = ();
+		return;
+	}
+	my $in;
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	open $in, "<$merge_rr" or die "$!: $merge_rr";
+	while (<$in>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($name, $path) = /^([0-9a-f]{40})\t(.*)$/s;
+		$merge_rr{$path} = $name;
+	}
+	close $in;
+}
+
+sub write_rr {
+	my $out;
+	open $out, ">$merge_rr" or die "$!: $merge_rr";
+	for my $path (sort keys %merge_rr) {
+		my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+		print $out "$name\t$path\0";
+	}
+	close $out;
+}
+
+sub compute_conflict_name {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my @side = ();
+	my $in;
+	open $in, "<$path"  or die "$!: $path";
+
+	my $sha1 = Digest->new("SHA-1");
+	my $hunk = 0;
+	while (<$in>) {
+		if (/^<<<<<<< .*/) {
+			$hunk++;
+			@side = ([], undef);
+		}
+		elsif (/^=======$/) {
+			$side[1] = [];
+		}
+		elsif (/^>>>>>>> .*/) {
+			my ($one, $two);
+			$one = join('', @{$side[0]});
+			$two = join('', @{$side[1]});
+			if ($two le $one) {
+				($one, $two) = ($two, $one);
+			}
+			$sha1->add($one);
+			$sha1->add("\0");
+			$sha1->add($two);
+			$sha1->add("\0");
+			@side = ();
+		}
+		elsif (@side == 0) {
+			next;
+		}
+		elsif (defined $side[1]) {
+			push @{$side[1]}, $_;
+		}
+		else {
+			push @{$side[0]}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	close $in;
+	return ($sha1->hexdigest, $hunk);
+}
+
+sub record_preimage {
+	my ($path, $name) = @_;
+	my @side = ();
+	my ($in, $out);
+	open $in, "<$path"  or die "$!: $path";
+	open $out, ">$name" or die "$!: $name";
+
+	while (<$in>) {
+		if (/^<<<<<<< .*/) {
+			@side = ([], undef);
+		}
+		elsif (/^=======$/) {
+			$side[1] = [];
+		}
+		elsif (/^>>>>>>> .*/) {
+			my ($one, $two);
+			$one = join('', @{$side[0]});
+			$two = join('', @{$side[1]});
+			if ($two le $one) {
+				($one, $two) = ($two, $one);
+			}
+			print $out "<<<<<<<\n";
+			print $out $one;
+			print $out "=======\n";
+			print $out $two;
+			print $out ">>>>>>>\n";
+			@side = ();
+		}
+		elsif (@side == 0) {
+			print $out $_;
+		}
+		elsif (defined $side[1]) {
+			push @{$side[1]}, $_;
+		}
+		else {
+			push @{$side[0]}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	close $out;
+	close $in;
+}
+
+sub find_conflict {
+	my $in;
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $pid = open($in, '-|');
+	die "$!" unless defined $pid;
+	if (!$pid) {
+		exec(qw(git ls-files -z -u)) or die "$!: ls-files";
+	}
+	my %path = ();
+	my @path = ();
+	while (<$in>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($mode, $sha1, $stage, $path) =
+		    /^([0-7]+) ([0-9a-f]{40}) ([123])\t(.*)$/s;
+		$path{$path} |= (1 << $stage);
+	}
+	close $in;
+	while (my ($path, $status) = each %path) {
+		if ($status == 14) { push @path, $path; }
+	}
+	return @path;
+}
+
+sub merge {
+	my ($name, $path) = @_;
+	record_preimage($path, "$rr_dir/$name/thisimage");
+	unless (system('git', 'merge-file', map { "$rr_dir/$name/${_}image" }
+		       qw(this pre post))) {
+		my $in;
+		open $in, "<$rr_dir/$name/thisimage" or
+		    die "$!: $name/thisimage";
+		my $out;
+		open $out, ">$path" or die "$!: $path";
+		while (<$in>) { print $out $_; }
+		close $in;
+		close $out;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub garbage_collect_rerere {
+	# We should allow specifying these from the command line and
+	# that is why the caller gives @ARGV to us, but I am lazy.
+
+	my $cutoff_noresolve = 15; # two weeks
+	my $cutoff_resolve = 60; # two months
+	my @to_remove;
+	while (<$rr_dir/*/preimage>) {
+		my ($dir) = /^(.*)\/preimage$/;
+		my $cutoff = ((-f "$dir/postimage")
+			      ? $cutoff_resolve
+			      : $cutoff_noresolve);
+		my $age = -M "$_";
+		if ($cutoff <= $age) {
+			push @to_remove, $dir;
+		}
+	}
+	if (@to_remove) {
+		rmtree(\@to_remove);
+	}
+}
+
+-d "$rr_dir" || exit(0);
+
+read_rr();
+
+if (@ARGV) {
+	my $arg = shift @ARGV;
+	if ($arg eq 'clear') {
+		for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+			my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+			if (-d "$rr_dir/$name" &&
+			    ! -f "$rr_dir/$name/postimage") {
+				rmtree(["$rr_dir/$name"]);
+			}
+		}
+		unlink $merge_rr;
+	}
+	elsif ($arg eq 'status') {
+		for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+			print $path, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	elsif ($arg eq 'diff') {
+		for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+			my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+			system('diff', ((@ARGV == 0) ? ('-u') : @ARGV),
+				'-L', "a/$path", '-L', "b/$path",
+				"$rr_dir/$name/preimage", $path);
+		}
+	}
+	elsif ($arg eq 'gc') {
+		garbage_collect_rerere(@ARGV);
+	}
+	else {
+		die "$0 unknown command: $arg\n";
+	}
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+my %conflict = map { $_ => 1 } find_conflict();
+
+# MERGE_RR records paths with conflicts immediately after merge
+# failed.  Some of the conflicted paths might have been hand resolved
+# in the working tree since then, but the initial run would catch all
+# and register their preimages.
+
+for my $path (keys %conflict) {
+	# This path has conflict.  If it is not recorded yet,
+	# record the pre-image.
+	if (!exists $merge_rr{$path}) {
+		my ($name, $hunk) = compute_conflict_name($path);
+		next unless ($hunk);
+		$merge_rr{$path} = $name;
+		if (! -d "$rr_dir/$name") {
+			mkpath("$rr_dir/$name", 0, 0777);
+			print STDERR "Recorded preimage for '$path'\n";
+			record_preimage($path, "$rr_dir/$name/preimage");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+# Now some of the paths that had conflicts earlier might have been
+# hand resolved.  Others may be similar to a conflict already that
+# was resolved before.
+
+for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+	my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+
+	# We could resolve this automatically if we have images.
+	if (-f "$rr_dir/$name/preimage" &&
+	    -f "$rr_dir/$name/postimage") {
+		if (merge($name, $path)) {
+			print STDERR "Resolved '$path' using previous resolution.\n";
+			# Then we do not have to worry about this path
+			# anymore.
+			delete $merge_rr{$path};
+			next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# Let's see if we have resolved it.
+	(undef, my $hunk) = compute_conflict_name($path);
+	next if ($hunk);
+
+	print STDERR "Recorded resolution for '$path'.\n";
+	copy($path, "$rr_dir/$name/postimage");
+	# And we do not have to worry about this path anymore.
+	delete $merge_rr{$path};
+}
+
+# Write out the rest.
+write_rr();
--- a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
+++ b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git" || die "unable to create \"$new_workdir\"!"
 # create the links to the original repo.  explictly exclude index, HEAD and
 # logs/HEAD from the list since they are purely related to the current working
 # directory, and should not be shared.
-for x in config refs logs/refs objects info hooks packed-refs remotes rr-cache
+for x in config refs logs/refs objects info hooks packed-refs remotes rr-cache svn
 do
 	case $x in
 	*/*)
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -256,40 +256,41 @@ static int count_lines(const char *data, int size)
 	return count;
 }

-static void print_line_count(int count)
+static void print_line_count(FILE *file, int count)
 {
 	switch (count) {
 	case 0:
-		printf("0,0");
+		fprintf(file, "0,0");
 		break;
 	case 1:
-		printf("1");
+		fprintf(file, "1");
 		break;
 	default:
-		printf("1,%d", count);
+		fprintf(file, "1,%d", count);
 		break;
 	}
 }

-static void copy_file_with_prefix(int prefix, const char *data, int size,
+static void copy_file_with_prefix(FILE *file,
+				  int prefix, const char *data, int size,
 				  const char *set, const char *reset)
 {
 	int ch, nl_just_seen = 1;
 	while (0 < size--) {
 		ch = *data++;
 		if (nl_just_seen) {
-			fputs(set, stdout);
-			putchar(prefix);
+			fputs(set, file);
+			putc(prefix, file);
 		}
 		if (ch == '\n') {
 			nl_just_seen = 1;
-			fputs(reset, stdout);
+			fputs(reset, file);
 		} else
 			nl_just_seen = 0;
-		putchar(ch);
+		putc(ch, file);
 	}
 	if (!nl_just_seen)
-		printf("%s\n\\ No newline at end of file\n", reset);
+		fprintf(file, "%s\n\\ No newline at end of file\n", reset);
 }

 static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
@@ -322,17 +323,18 @@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
 	diff_populate_filespec(two, 0);
 	lc_a = count_lines(one->data, one->size);
 	lc_b = count_lines(two->data, two->size);
-	printf("%s--- %s%s%s\n%s+++ %s%s%s\n%s@@ -",
-	       metainfo, a_name.buf, name_a_tab, reset,
-	       metainfo, b_name.buf, name_b_tab, reset, fraginfo);
-	print_line_count(lc_a);
-	printf(" +");
-	print_line_count(lc_b);
-	printf(" @@%s\n", reset);
+	fprintf(o->file,
+		"%s--- %s%s%s\n%s+++ %s%s%s\n%s@@ -",
+		metainfo, a_name.buf, name_a_tab, reset,
+		metainfo, b_name.buf, name_b_tab, reset, fraginfo);
+	print_line_count(o->file, lc_a);
+	fprintf(o->file, " +");
+	print_line_count(o->file, lc_b);
+	fprintf(o->file, " @@%s\n", reset);
 	if (lc_a)
-		copy_file_with_prefix('-', one->data, one->size, old, reset);
+		copy_file_with_prefix(o->file, '-', one->data, one->size, old, reset);
 	if (lc_b)
-		copy_file_with_prefix('+', two->data, two->size, new, reset);
+		copy_file_with_prefix(o->file, '+', two->data, two->size, new, reset);
 }

 static int fill_mmfile(mmfile_t *mf, struct diff_filespec *one)
@@ -372,9 +374,10 @@ static void diff_words_append(char *line, unsigned long len,
 struct diff_words_data {
 	struct xdiff_emit_state xm;
 	struct diff_words_buffer minus, plus;
+	FILE *file;
 };

-static void print_word(struct diff_words_buffer *buffer, int len, int color,
+static void print_word(FILE *file, struct diff_words_buffer *buffer, int len, int color,
 		int suppress_newline)
 {
 	const char *ptr;
@@ -391,15 +394,15 @@ static void print_word(struct diff_words_buffer *buffer, int len, int color,
 		len--;
 	}

-	fputs(diff_get_color(1, color), stdout);
-	fwrite(ptr, len, 1, stdout);
-	fputs(diff_get_color(1, DIFF_RESET), stdout);
+	fputs(diff_get_color(1, color), file);
+	fwrite(ptr, len, 1, file);
+	fputs(diff_get_color(1, DIFF_RESET), file);

 	if (eol) {
 		if (suppress_newline)
 			buffer->suppressed_newline = 1;
 		else
-			putchar('\n');
+			putc('\n', file);
 	}
 }

@@ -409,20 +412,23 @@ static void fn_out_diff_words_aux(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)

 	if (diff_words->minus.suppressed_newline) {
 		if (line[0] != '+')
-			putchar('\n');
+			putc('\n', diff_words->file);
 		diff_words->minus.suppressed_newline = 0;
 	}

 	len--;
 	switch (line[0]) {
 		case '-':
-			print_word(&diff_words->minus, len, DIFF_FILE_OLD, 1);
+			print_word(diff_words->file,
+				   &diff_words->minus, len, DIFF_FILE_OLD, 1);
 			break;
 		case '+':
-			print_word(&diff_words->plus, len, DIFF_FILE_NEW, 0);
+			print_word(diff_words->file,
+				   &diff_words->plus, len, DIFF_FILE_NEW, 0);
 			break;
 		case ' ':
-			print_word(&diff_words->plus, len, DIFF_PLAIN, 0);
+			print_word(diff_words->file,
+				   &diff_words->plus, len, DIFF_PLAIN, 0);
 			diff_words->minus.current += len;
 			break;
 	}
@@ -466,7 +472,7 @@ static void diff_words_show(struct diff_words_data *diff_words)
 	diff_words->minus.text.size = diff_words->plus.text.size = 0;

 	if (diff_words->minus.suppressed_newline) {
-		putchar('\n');
+		putc('\n', diff_words->file);
 		diff_words->minus.suppressed_newline = 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -481,6 +487,7 @@ struct emit_callback {
 	const char **label_path;
 	struct diff_words_data *diff_words;
 	int *found_changesp;
+	FILE *file;
 };

 static void free_diff_words_data(struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
@@ -505,11 +512,11 @@ const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix)
 	return "";
 }

-static void emit_line(const char *set, const char *reset, const char *line, int len)
+static void emit_line(FILE *file, const char *set, const char *reset, const char *line, int len)
 {
-	fputs(set, stdout);
-	fwrite(line, len, 1, stdout);
-	fputs(reset, stdout);
+	fputs(set, file);
+	fwrite(line, len, 1, file);
+	fputs(reset, file);
 }

 static void emit_add_line(const char *reset, struct emit_callback *ecbdata, const char *line, int len)
@@ -518,13 +525,13 @@ static void emit_add_line(const char *reset, struct emit_callback *ecbdata, cons
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FILE_NEW);

 	if (!*ws)
-		emit_line(set, reset, line, len);
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, set, reset, line, len);
 	else {
 		/* Emit just the prefix, then the rest. */
-		emit_line(set, reset, line, ecbdata->nparents);
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, set, reset, line, ecbdata->nparents);
 		(void)check_and_emit_line(line + ecbdata->nparents,
 		    len - ecbdata->nparents, ecbdata->ws_rule,
-		    stdout, set, reset, ws);
+		    ecbdata->file, set, reset, ws);
 	}
 }

@@ -563,10 +570,10 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 		name_a_tab = strchr(ecbdata->label_path[0], ' ') ? "\t" : "";
 		name_b_tab = strchr(ecbdata->label_path[1], ' ') ? "\t" : "";

-		printf("%s--- %s%s%s\n",
-		       meta, ecbdata->label_path[0], reset, name_a_tab);
-		printf("%s+++ %s%s%s\n",
-		       meta, ecbdata->label_path[1], reset, name_b_tab);
+		fprintf(ecbdata->file, "%s--- %s%s%s\n",
+			meta, ecbdata->label_path[0], reset, name_a_tab);
+		fprintf(ecbdata->file, "%s+++ %s%s%s\n",
+			meta, ecbdata->label_path[1], reset, name_b_tab);
 		ecbdata->label_path[0] = ecbdata->label_path[1] = NULL;
 	}

@@ -578,15 +585,16 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	if (2 <= i && i < len && line[i] == ' ') {
 		ecbdata->nparents = i - 1;
 		len = sane_truncate_line(ecbdata, line, len);
-		emit_line(diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FRAGINFO),
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file,
+			  diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FRAGINFO),
 			  reset, line, len);
 		if (line[len-1] != '\n')
-			putchar('\n');
+			putc('\n', ecbdata->file);
 		return;
 	}

 	if (len < ecbdata->nparents) {
-		emit_line(reset, reset, line, len);
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, reset, reset, line, len);
 		return;
 	}

@@ -609,7 +617,7 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 			diff_words_show(ecbdata->diff_words);
 		line++;
 		len--;
-		emit_line(plain, reset, line, len);
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, plain, reset, line, len);
 		return;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < ecbdata->nparents && len; i++) {
@@ -620,7 +628,8 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	}

 	if (color != DIFF_FILE_NEW) {
-		emit_line(diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, color),
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file,
+			  diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, color),
 			  reset, line, len);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -759,20 +768,21 @@ static int scale_linear(int it, int width, int max_change)
 	return ((it - 1) * (width - 1) + max_change - 1) / (max_change - 1);
 }

-static void show_name(const char *prefix, const char *name, int len,
+static void show_name(FILE *file,
+		      const char *prefix, const char *name, int len,
 		      const char *reset, const char *set)
 {
-	printf(" %s%s%-*s%s |", set, prefix, len, name, reset);
+	fprintf(file, " %s%s%-*s%s |", set, prefix, len, name, reset);
 }

-static void show_graph(char ch, int cnt, const char *set, const char *reset)
+static void show_graph(FILE *file, char ch, int cnt, const char *set, const char *reset)
 {
 	if (cnt <= 0)
 		return;
-	printf("%s", set);
+	fprintf(file, "%s", set);
 	while (cnt--)
-		putchar(ch);
-	printf("%s", reset);
+		putc(ch, file);
+	fprintf(file, "%s", reset);
 }

 static void fill_print_name(struct diffstat_file *file)
@@ -877,18 +887,18 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t* data, struct diff_options *options)
 		}

 		if (data->files[i]->is_binary) {
-			show_name(prefix, name, len, reset, set);
-			printf("  Bin ");
-			printf("%s%d%s", del_c, deleted, reset);
-			printf(" -> ");
-			printf("%s%d%s", add_c, added, reset);
-			printf(" bytes");
-			printf("\n");
+			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len, reset, set);
+			fprintf(options->file, "  Bin ");
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%d%s", del_c, deleted, reset);
+			fprintf(options->file, " -> ");
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%d%s", add_c, added, reset);
+			fprintf(options->file, " bytes");
+			fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 			continue;
 		}
 		else if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
-			show_name(prefix, name, len, reset, set);
-			printf("  Unmerged\n");
+			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len, reset, set);
+			fprintf(options->file, "  Unmerged\n");
 			continue;
 		}
 		else if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
@@ -911,17 +921,18 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t* data, struct diff_options *options)
 			del = scale_linear(del, width, max_change);
 			total = add + del;
 		}
-		show_name(prefix, name, len, reset, set);
-		printf("%5d ", added + deleted);
-		show_graph('+', add, add_c, reset);
-		show_graph('-', del, del_c, reset);
-		putchar('\n');
+		show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len, reset, set);
+		fprintf(options->file, "%5d ", added + deleted);
+		show_graph(options->file, '+', add, add_c, reset);
+		show_graph(options->file, '-', del, del_c, reset);
+		fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 	}
-	printf("%s %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)%s\n",
+	fprintf(options->file,
+	       "%s %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)%s\n",
 	       set, total_files, adds, dels, reset);
 }

-static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t* data)
+static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t* data, struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int i, adds = 0, dels = 0, total_files = data->nr;

@@ -942,7 +953,7 @@ static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t* data)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	printf(" %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n",
+	fprintf(options->file, " %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n",
 	       total_files, adds, dels);
 }

@@ -957,24 +968,25 @@ static void show_numstat(struct diffstat_t* data, struct diff_options *options)
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];

 		if (file->is_binary)
-			printf("-\t-\t");
+			fprintf(options->file, "-\t-\t");
 		else
-			printf("%d\t%d\t", file->added, file->deleted);
+			fprintf(options->file,
+				"%d\t%d\t", file->added, file->deleted);
 		if (options->line_termination) {
 			fill_print_name(file);
 			if (!file->is_renamed)
-				write_name_quoted(file->name, stdout,
+				write_name_quoted(file->name, options->file,
 						  options->line_termination);
 			else {
-				fputs(file->print_name, stdout);
-				putchar(options->line_termination);
+				fputs(file->print_name, options->file);
+				putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
 			}
 		} else {
 			if (file->is_renamed) {
-				putchar('\0');
-				write_name_quoted(file->from_name, stdout, '\0');
+				putc('\0', options->file);
+				write_name_quoted(file->from_name, options->file, '\0');
 			}
-			write_name_quoted(file->name, stdout, '\0');
+			write_name_quoted(file->name, options->file, '\0');
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -984,7 +996,7 @@ struct diffstat_dir {
 	int nr, percent, cumulative;
 };

-static long gather_dirstat(struct diffstat_dir *dir, unsigned long changed, const char *base, int baselen)
+static long gather_dirstat(FILE *file, struct diffstat_dir *dir, unsigned long changed, const char *base, int baselen)
 {
 	unsigned long this_dir = 0;
 	unsigned int sources = 0;
@@ -1002,7 +1014,7 @@ static long gather_dirstat(struct diffstat_dir *dir, unsigned long changed, cons
 		slash = strchr(f->name + baselen, '/');
 		if (slash) {
 			int newbaselen = slash + 1 - f->name;
-			this = gather_dirstat(dir, changed, f->name, newbaselen);
+			this = gather_dirstat(file, dir, changed, f->name, newbaselen);
 			sources++;
 		} else {
 			if (f->is_unmerged || f->is_binary)
@@ -1027,7 +1039,7 @@ static long gather_dirstat(struct diffstat_dir *dir, unsigned long changed, cons
 		if (permille) {
 			int percent = permille / 10;
 			if (percent >= dir->percent) {
-				printf("%4d.%01d%% %.*s\n", percent, permille % 10, baselen, base);
+				fprintf(file, "%4d.%01d%% %.*s\n", percent, permille % 10, baselen, base);
 				if (!dir->cumulative)
 					return 0;
 			}
@@ -1060,7 +1072,7 @@ static void show_dirstat(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 	dir.nr = data->nr;
 	dir.percent = options->dirstat_percent;
 	dir.cumulative = options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CUMULATIVE;
-	gather_dirstat(&dir, changed, "", 0);
+	gather_dirstat(options->file, &dir, changed, "", 0);
 }

 static void free_diffstat_info(struct diffstat_t *diffstat)
@@ -1083,6 +1095,7 @@ struct checkdiff_t {
 	int lineno, color_diff;
 	unsigned ws_rule;
 	unsigned status;
+	FILE *file;
 };

 static void checkdiff_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
@@ -1100,11 +1113,11 @@ static void checkdiff_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 		if (!data->status)
 			return;
 		err = whitespace_error_string(data->status);
-		printf("%s:%d: %s.\n", data->filename, data->lineno, err);
+		fprintf(data->file, "%s:%d: %s.\n", data->filename, data->lineno, err);
 		free(err);
-		emit_line(set, reset, line, 1);
+		emit_line(data->file, set, reset, line, 1);
 		(void)check_and_emit_line(line + 1, len - 1, data->ws_rule,
-		    stdout, set, reset, ws);
+		    data->file, set, reset, ws);
 	} else if (line[0] == ' ')
 		data->lineno++;
 	else if (line[0] == '@') {
@@ -1140,7 +1153,7 @@ static unsigned char *deflate_it(char *data,
 	return deflated;
 }

-static void emit_binary_diff_body(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
+static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
 {
 	void *cp;
 	void *delta;
@@ -1169,13 +1182,13 @@ static void emit_binary_diff_body(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
 	}

 	if (delta && delta_size < deflate_size) {
-		printf("delta %lu\n", orig_size);
+		fprintf(file, "delta %lu\n", orig_size);
 		free(deflated);
 		data = delta;
 		data_size = delta_size;
 	}
 	else {
-		printf("literal %lu\n", two->size);
+		fprintf(file, "literal %lu\n", two->size);
 		free(delta);
 		data = deflated;
 		data_size = deflate_size;
@@ -1193,17 +1206,18 @@ static void emit_binary_diff_body(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
 			line[0] = bytes - 26 + 'a' - 1;
 		encode_85(line + 1, cp, bytes);
 		cp = (char *) cp + bytes;
-		puts(line);
+		fputs(line, file);
+		fputc('\n', file);
 	}
-	printf("\n");
+	fprintf(file, "\n");
 	free(data);
 }

-static void emit_binary_diff(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
+static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
 {
-	printf("GIT binary patch\n");
-	emit_binary_diff_body(one, two);
-	emit_binary_diff_body(two, one);
+	fprintf(file, "GIT binary patch\n");
+	emit_binary_diff_body(file, one, two);
+	emit_binary_diff_body(file, two, one);
 }

 static void setup_diff_attr_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
@@ -1334,25 +1348,25 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	b_two = quote_two(o->b_prefix, name_b + (*name_b == '/'));
 	lbl[0] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? a_one : "/dev/null";
 	lbl[1] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? b_two : "/dev/null";
-	printf("%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", set, a_one, b_two, reset);
+	fprintf(o->file, "%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", set, a_one, b_two, reset);
 	if (lbl[0][0] == '/') {
 		/* /dev/null */
-		printf("%snew file mode %06o%s\n", set, two->mode, reset);
+		fprintf(o->file, "%snew file mode %06o%s\n", set, two->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg && xfrm_msg[0])
-			printf("%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
+			fprintf(o->file, "%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
 	}
 	else if (lbl[1][0] == '/') {
-		printf("%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", set, one->mode, reset);
+		fprintf(o->file, "%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", set, one->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg && xfrm_msg[0])
-			printf("%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
+			fprintf(o->file, "%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
 	}
 	else {
 		if (one->mode != two->mode) {
-			printf("%sold mode %06o%s\n", set, one->mode, reset);
-			printf("%snew mode %06o%s\n", set, two->mode, reset);
+			fprintf(o->file, "%sold mode %06o%s\n", set, one->mode, reset);
+			fprintf(o->file, "%snew mode %06o%s\n", set, two->mode, reset);
 		}
 		if (xfrm_msg && xfrm_msg[0])
-			printf("%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
+			fprintf(o->file, "%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
 		/*
 		 * we do not run diff between different kind
 		 * of objects.
@@ -1376,10 +1390,10 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 		    !memcmp(mf1.ptr, mf2.ptr, mf1.size))
 			goto free_ab_and_return;
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, BINARY))
-			emit_binary_diff(&mf1, &mf2);
+			emit_binary_diff(o->file, &mf1, &mf2);
 		else
-			printf("Binary files %s and %s differ\n",
-			       lbl[0], lbl[1]);
+			fprintf(o->file, "Binary files %s and %s differ\n",
+				lbl[0], lbl[1]);
 		o->found_changes = 1;
 	}
 	else {
@@ -1401,6 +1415,7 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 		ecbdata.color_diff = DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF);
 		ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
 		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+		ecbdata.file = o->file;
 		xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL | o->xdl_opts;
 		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
 		xecfg.flags = XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES;
@@ -1415,9 +1430,11 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 		ecb.outf = xdiff_outf;
 		ecb.priv = &ecbdata;
 		ecbdata.xm.consume = fn_out_consume;
-		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF_WORDS))
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF_WORDS)) {
 			ecbdata.diff_words =
 				xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct diff_words_data));
+			ecbdata.diff_words->file = o->file;
+		}
 		xdi_diff(&mf1, &mf2, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF_WORDS))
 			free_diff_words_data(&ecbdata);
@@ -1496,6 +1513,7 @@ static void builtin_checkdiff(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 	data.lineno = 0;
 	data.color_diff = DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF);
 	data.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(attr_path);
+	data.file = o->file;

 	if (fill_mmfile(&mf1, one) < 0 || fill_mmfile(&mf2, two) < 0)
 		die("unable to read files to diff");
@@ -1966,7 +1984,7 @@ static void run_diff_cmd(const char *pgm,
 		builtin_diff(name, other ? other : name,
 			     one, two, xfrm_msg, o, complete_rewrite);
 	else
-		printf("* Unmerged path %s\n", name);
+		fprintf(o->file, "* Unmerged path %s\n", name);
 }

 static void diff_fill_sha1_info(struct diff_filespec *one)
@@ -2157,6 +2175,9 @@ static void run_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
 void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	memset(options, 0, sizeof(*options));
+
+	options->file = stdout;
+
 	options->line_termination = '\n';
 	options->break_opt = -1;
 	options->rename_limit = -1;
@@ -2470,7 +2491,10 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		options->b_prefix = arg + 13;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-prefix"))
 		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
-	else
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--output=")) {
+		options->file = fopen(arg + strlen("--output="), "w");
+		options->close_file = 1;
+	} else
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -2599,15 +2623,15 @@ static void diff_flush_raw(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
 	int inter_name_termination = line_termination ? '\t' : '\0';

 	if (!(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
-		printf(":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
-		       diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
-		printf("%s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->two->sha1, opt->abbrev));
+		fprintf(opt->file, ":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
+			diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
+		fprintf(opt->file, "%s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->two->sha1, opt->abbrev));
 	}
 	if (p->score) {
-		printf("%c%03d%c", p->status, similarity_index(p),
-			   inter_name_termination);
+		fprintf(opt->file, "%c%03d%c", p->status, similarity_index(p),
+			inter_name_termination);
 	} else {
-		printf("%c%c", p->status, inter_name_termination);
+		fprintf(opt->file, "%c%c", p->status, inter_name_termination);
 	}

 	if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_COPIED ||
@@ -2616,14 +2640,14 @@ static void diff_flush_raw(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
 		name_a = p->one->path;
 		name_b = p->two->path;
 		strip_prefix(opt->prefix_length, &name_a, &name_b);
-		write_name_quoted(name_a, stdout, inter_name_termination);
-		write_name_quoted(name_b, stdout, line_termination);
+		write_name_quoted(name_a, opt->file, inter_name_termination);
+		write_name_quoted(name_b, opt->file, line_termination);
 	} else {
 		const char *name_a, *name_b;
 		name_a = p->one->mode ? p->one->path : p->two->path;
 		name_b = NULL;
 		strip_prefix(opt->prefix_length, &name_a, &name_b);
-		write_name_quoted(name_a, stdout, line_termination);
+		write_name_quoted(name_a, opt->file, line_termination);
 	}
 }

@@ -2825,62 +2849,62 @@ static void flush_one_pair(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
 		name_a = p->two->path;
 		name_b = NULL;
 		strip_prefix(opt->prefix_length, &name_a, &name_b);
-		write_name_quoted(name_a, stdout, opt->line_termination);
+		write_name_quoted(name_a, opt->file, opt->line_termination);
 	}
 }

-static void show_file_mode_name(const char *newdelete, struct diff_filespec *fs)
+static void show_file_mode_name(FILE *file, const char *newdelete, struct diff_filespec *fs)
 {
 	if (fs->mode)
-		printf(" %s mode %06o ", newdelete, fs->mode);
+		fprintf(file, " %s mode %06o ", newdelete, fs->mode);
 	else
-		printf(" %s ", newdelete);
-	write_name_quoted(fs->path, stdout, '\n');
+		fprintf(file, " %s ", newdelete);
+	write_name_quoted(fs->path, file, '\n');
 }


-static void show_mode_change(struct diff_filepair *p, int show_name)
+static void show_mode_change(FILE *file, struct diff_filepair *p, int show_name)
 {
 	if (p->one->mode && p->two->mode && p->one->mode != p->two->mode) {
-		printf(" mode change %06o => %06o%c", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
+		fprintf(file, " mode change %06o => %06o%c", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
 			show_name ? ' ' : '\n');
 		if (show_name) {
-			write_name_quoted(p->two->path, stdout, '\n');
+			write_name_quoted(p->two->path, file, '\n');
 		}
 	}
 }

-static void show_rename_copy(const char *renamecopy, struct diff_filepair *p)
+static void show_rename_copy(FILE *file, const char *renamecopy, struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	char *names = pprint_rename(p->one->path, p->two->path);

-	printf(" %s %s (%d%%)\n", renamecopy, names, similarity_index(p));
+	fprintf(file, " %s %s (%d%%)\n", renamecopy, names, similarity_index(p));
 	free(names);
-	show_mode_change(p, 0);
+	show_mode_change(file, p, 0);
 }

-static void diff_summary(struct diff_filepair *p)
+static void diff_summary(FILE *file, struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	switch(p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
-		show_file_mode_name("delete", p->one);
+		show_file_mode_name(file, "delete", p->one);
 		break;
 	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
-		show_file_mode_name("create", p->two);
+		show_file_mode_name(file, "create", p->two);
 		break;
 	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
-		show_rename_copy("copy", p);
+		show_rename_copy(file, "copy", p);
 		break;
 	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
-		show_rename_copy("rename", p);
+		show_rename_copy(file, "rename", p);
 		break;
 	default:
 		if (p->score) {
-			fputs(" rewrite ", stdout);
-			write_name_quoted(p->two->path, stdout, ' ');
-			printf("(%d%%)\n", similarity_index(p));
+			fputs(" rewrite ", file);
+			write_name_quoted(p->two->path, file, ' ');
+			fprintf(file, "(%d%%)\n", similarity_index(p));
 		}
-		show_mode_change(p, !p->score);
+		show_mode_change(file, p, !p->score);
 		break;
 	}
 }
@@ -3088,14 +3112,14 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT)
 			show_stats(&diffstat, options);
 		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT)
-			show_shortstats(&diffstat);
+			show_shortstats(&diffstat, options);
 		free_diffstat_info(&diffstat);
 		separator++;
 	}

 	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY && !is_summary_empty(q)) {
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
-			diff_summary(q->queue[i]);
+			diff_summary(options->file, q->queue[i]);
 		separator++;
 	}

@@ -3103,9 +3127,9 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 		if (separator) {
 			if (options->stat_sep) {
 				/* attach patch instead of inline */
-				fputs(options->stat_sep, stdout);
+				fputs(options->stat_sep, options->file);
 			} else {
-				putchar(options->line_termination);
+				putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
 			}
 		}

@@ -3125,6 +3149,8 @@ free_queue:
 	free(q->queue);
 	q->queue = NULL;
 	q->nr = q->alloc = 0;
+	if (options->close_file)
+		fclose(options->file);
 }

 static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ struct diff_options {
 	/* this is set by diffcore for DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH */
 	int found_changes;

+	FILE *file;
+	int close_file;
+
 	int nr_paths;
 	const char **paths;
 	int *pathlens;
--- a/git-am.sh
+++ b/git-am.sh
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ do
 		LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY=`
 		    sed -ne '/^Signed-off-by: /p' \
 		    "$dotest/msg-clean" |
-		    tail -n 1
+		    sed -ne '$p'
 		`
 		ADD_SIGNOFF=`
 		    test "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" = "$SIGNOFF" || {
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -293,14 +293,14 @@ bisect_next() {
 	bisect_next_check good

 	skip=$(git for-each-ref --format='%(objectname)' \
-		"refs/bisect/skip-*" | tr '[\012]' ' ') || exit
+		"refs/bisect/skip-*" | tr '\012' ' ') || exit

 	BISECT_OPT=''
 	test -n "$skip" && BISECT_OPT='--bisect-all'

 	bad=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/bisect/bad) &&
 	good=$(git for-each-ref --format='^%(objectname)' \
-		"refs/bisect/good-*" | tr '[\012]' ' ') &&
+		"refs/bisect/good-*" | tr '\012' ' ') &&
 	eval="git rev-list --bisect-vars $BISECT_OPT $good $bad --" &&
 	eval="$eval $(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_NAMES")" &&
 	eval=$(filter_skipped "$eval" "$skip") &&
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
 #include <sys/poll.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <utime.h>
 #ifndef NO_SYS_SELECT_H
 #include <sys/select.h>
 #endif
--- a/git-cvsimport.perl
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ sub commit {
 		next unless $logmsg =~ $rx && $1;
 		my $mparent = $1 eq 'HEAD' ? $opt_o : $1;
 		if (my $sha1 = get_headref("$remote/$mparent")) {
-			push @commit_args, '-p', $mparent;
+			push @commit_args, '-p', "$remote/$mparent";
 			print "Merge parent branch: $mparent\n" if $opt_v;
 		}
 	}
--- a/git-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/git-filter-branch.sh
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ eval "$functions"
 # "author" or "committer

 set_ident () {
-	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "A-Z" "a-z")"
-	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "a-z" "A-Z")"
+	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]")"
+	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]")"
 	pick_id_script='
 		/^'$lid' /{
 			s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ while read commit parents; do
 			die "Could not checkout the index"
 		# files that $commit removed are now still in the working tree;
 		# remove them, else they would be added again
-		git ls-files -z --others | xargs -0 rm -f
+		git clean -q -f -x
 		eval "$filter_tree" < /dev/null ||
 			die "tree filter failed: $filter_tree"

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ while read commit parents; do
 	sed -e '1,/^$/d' <../commit | \
 		eval "$filter_msg" > ../message ||
 			die "msg filter failed: $filter_msg"
-	sh -c "$filter_commit" "git commit-tree" \
+	@SHELL_PATH@ -c "$filter_commit" "git commit-tree" \
 		$(git write-tree) $parentstr < ../message > ../map/$commit
 done <../revs

--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@ if {[is_enabled transport]} {
 if {[is_MacOSX]} {
 	# -- Apple Menu (Mac OS X only)
 	#
-	.mbar add cascade -label [mc Apple] -menu .mbar.apple
+	.mbar add cascade -label Apple -menu .mbar.apple
 	menu .mbar.apple

 	.mbar.apple add command -label [mc "About %s" [appname]] \
--- a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ constructor pick {} {
 		menu $m_repo

 		if {[is_MacOSX]} {
-			$w.mbar add cascade -label [mc Apple] -menu .mbar.apple
+			$w.mbar add cascade -label Apple -menu .mbar.apple
 			menu $w.mbar.apple
 			$w.mbar.apple add command \
 				-label [mc "About %s" [appname]] \
--- a/git-gui/po/README
+++ b/git-gui/po/README
@@ -178,18 +178,6 @@ step.

 	$ msgmerge -U po/af.po po/git-gui.pot

-[NEEDSWORK: who is responsible for updating po/git-gui.pot file by
-running xgettext?  IIRC, Christian recommended against running it
-nilly-willy because it can become a source of unnecessary merge
-conflicts.  Perhaps we should mention something like "
-
-The po/git-gui.pot file is updated by the internationalization
-coordinator from time to time.  You _could_ update it yourself, but
-translators are discouraged from doing so because we would want all
-language teams to be working off of the same version of git-gui.pot.
-
-" here?]
-
 This updates po/af.po (again, replace "af" with your language
 code) so that it contains msgid lines (i.e. the original) that
 your translation did not have before.  There are a few things to
@@ -207,3 +195,53 @@ watch out for:

 - New messages added to the software will have msgstr lines with empty
   strings.  You would need to translate them.
+
+The po/git-gui.pot file is updated by the internationalization
+coordinator from time to time.  You _could_ update it yourself, but
+translators are discouraged from doing so because we would want all
+language teams to be working off of the same version of git-gui.pot.
+
+****************************************************************
+
+This section is a note to the internationalization coordinator, and
+translators do not have to worry about it too much.
+
+The message template file po/git-gui.pot needs to be kept up to date
+relative to the software the translations apply to, and it is the
+responsibility of the internationalization coordinator.
+
+When updating po/git-gui.pot file, however, _never_ run "msgmerge -U
+po/xx.po" for individual language translations, unless you are absolutely
+sure that there is no outstanding work on translation for language xx.
+Doing so will create unnecessary merge conflicts and force needless
+re-translation on translators.  The translator however may not have access
+to the msgmerge tool, in which case the coordinator may run it for the
+translator as a service.
+
+But mistakes do happen.  Suppose a translation was based on an older
+version X, the POT file was updated at version Y and then msgmerge was run
+at version Z for the language, and the translator sent in a patch based on
+version X:
+
+         ? translated
+        /
+    ---X---Y---Z (master)
+
+The coordinator could recover from such a mistake by first applying the
+patch to X, replace the translated file in Z, and then running msgmerge
+again based on the updated POT file and commit the result.  The sequence
+would look like this:
+
+    $ git checkout X
+    $ git am -s xx.patch
+    $ git checkout master
+    $ git checkout HEAD@{1} po/xx.po
+    $ msgmerge -U po/xx.po po/git-gui.pot
+    $ git commit -c HEAD@{1} po/xx.po
+
+State in the message that the translated messages are based on a slightly
+older version, and msgmerge was run to incorporate changes to message
+templates from the updated POT file.  The result needs to be further
+translated, but at least the messages that were updated by the patch that
+were not changed by the POT update will survive the process and do not
+need to be re-translated.
--- a/git-gui/po/de.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/de.po
--- a/git-gui/po/fr.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/fr.po
--- a/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
+++ b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
--- a/git-gui/po/hu.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/hu.po
--- a/git-gui/po/it.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/it.po
--- a/git-gui/po/ja.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ja.po
--- a/git-gui/po/ru.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ru.po
--- a/git-gui/po/sv.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/sv.po
--- a/git-gui/po/zh_cn.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/zh_cn.po
--- a/git-quiltimport.sh
+++ b/git-quiltimport.sh
@@ -63,7 +63,23 @@ tmp_info="$tmp_dir/info"
 commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)

 mkdir $tmp_dir || exit 2
-for patch_name in $(grep -v '^#' < "$QUILT_PATCHES/series" ); do
+while read patch_name level garbage
+do
+	case "$patch_name" in ''|'#'*) continue;; esac
+	case "$level" in
+	-p*)	;;
+	''|'#'*)
+		level=;;
+	*)
+		echo "unable to parse patch level, ignoring it."
+		level=;;
+	esac
+	case "$garbage" in
+	''|'#'*);;
+	*)
+		echo "trailing garbage found in series file: $garbage"
+		exit 1;;
+	esac
 	if ! [ -f "$QUILT_PATCHES/$patch_name" ] ; then
 		echo "$patch_name doesn't exist. Skipping."
 		continue
@@ -113,10 +129,10 @@ for patch_name in $(grep -v '^#' < "$QUILT_PATCHES/series" ); do
 	fi

 	if [ -z "$dry_run" ] ; then
-		git apply --index -C1 "$tmp_patch" &&
+		git apply --index -C1 ${level:+"$level"} "$tmp_patch" &&
 		tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 		commit=$( (echo "$SUBJECT"; echo; cat "$tmp_msg") | git commit-tree $tree -p $commit) &&
 		git update-ref -m "quiltimport: $patch_name" HEAD $commit || exit 4
 	fi
-done
+done <"$QUILT_PATCHES/series"
 rm -rf $tmp_dir || exit 5
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ mark_action_done () {
 	sed -e 1q < "$TODO" >> "$DONE"
 	sed -e 1d < "$TODO" >> "$TODO".new
 	mv -f "$TODO".new "$TODO"
-	count=$(($(grep -ve '^$' -e '^#' < "$DONE" | wc -l)))
-	total=$(($count+$(grep -ve '^$' -e '^#' < "$TODO" | wc -l)))
+	count=$(grep -c '^[^#]' < "$DONE")
+	total=$(($count+$(grep -c '^[^#]' < "$TODO")))
 	if test "$last_count" != "$count"
 	then
 		last_count=$count
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ die_abort () {
 }

 has_action () {
-	grep -vqe '^$' -e '^#' "$1"
+	grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
 }

 pick_one () {
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ nth_string () {
 make_squash_message () {
 	if test -f "$SQUASH_MSG"; then
 		COUNT=$(($(sed -n "s/^# This is [^0-9]*\([1-9][0-9]*\).*/\1/p" \
-			< "$SQUASH_MSG" | tail -n 1)+1))
+			< "$SQUASH_MSG" | sed -ne '$p')+1))
 		echo "# This is a combination of $COUNT commits."
 		sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
 			/^$/d
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ continue_merge () {
 	cmt=`cat "$dotest/current"`
 	if ! git diff-index --quiet HEAD --
 	then
-		if ! git-commit -C "$cmt"
+		if ! git commit --no-verify -C "$cmt"
 		then
 			echo "Commit failed, please do not call \"git commit\""
 			echo "directly, but instead do one of the following: "
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli

-USAGE='[--quiet] [--cached] [add <repo> [-b branch]|status|init|update] [--] [<path>...]'
+USAGE="[--quiet] [--cached] \
+[add <repo> [-b branch]|status|init|update|summary [-n|--summary-limit <n>] [<commit>]] \
+[--] [<path>...]"
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 . git-sh-setup
 require_work_tree
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ cmd_init()
 		shift
 	done

-	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep -e '^160000 ' |
+	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep '^160000 ' |
 	while read mode sha1 stage path
 	do
 		# Skip already registered paths
@@ -284,7 +286,7 @@ cmd_update()
 		shift
 	done

-	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep -e '^160000 ' |
+	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep '^160000 ' |
 	while read mode sha1 stage path
 	do
 		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
@@ -330,7 +332,175 @@ set_name_rev () {
 	) )
 	test -z "$revname" || revname=" ($revname)"
 }
+#
+# Show commit summary for submodules in index or working tree
+#
+# If '--cached' is given, show summary between index and given commit,
+# or between working tree and given commit
+#
+# $@ = [commit (default 'HEAD'),] requested paths (default all)
+#
+cmd_summary() {
+	summary_limit=-1

+	# parse $args after "submodule ... summary".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		--cached)
+			cached="$1"
+			;;
+		-n|--summary-limit)
+			if summary_limit=$(($2 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$summary_limit" = "$2"
+			then
+				:
+			else
+				usage
+			fi
+			shift
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	test $summary_limit = 0 && return
+
+	if rev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1^0" 2>/dev/null)
+	then
+		head=$rev
+		shift
+	else
+		head=HEAD
+	fi
+
+	cd_to_toplevel
+	# Get modified modules cared by user
+	modules=$(git diff-index $cached --raw $head -- "$@" |
+		grep -e '^:160000' -e '^:[0-7]* 160000' |
+		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+		do
+			# Always show modules deleted or type-changed (blob<->module)
+			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$name" && continue
+			# Also show added or modified modules which are checked out
+			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+			echo "$name"
+		done
+	)
+
+	test -n "$modules" &&
+	git diff-index $cached --raw $head -- $modules |
+	grep -e '^:160000' -e '^:[0-7]* 160000' |
+	cut -c2- |
+	while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+	do
+		if test -z "$cached" &&
+			test $sha1_dst = 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+		then
+			case "$mod_dst" in
+			160000)
+				sha1_dst=$(GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git rev-parse HEAD)
+				;;
+			100644 | 100755 | 120000)
+				sha1_dst=$(git hash-object $name)
+				;;
+			000000)
+				;; # removed
+			*)
+				# unexpected type
+				echo >&2 "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+				continue ;;
+			esac
+		fi
+		missing_src=
+		missing_dst=
+
+		test $mod_src = 160000 &&
+		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --verify $sha1_src^0 >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		missing_src=t
+
+		test $mod_dst = 160000 &&
+		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --verify $sha1_dst^0 >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		missing_dst=t
+
+		total_commits=
+		case "$missing_src,$missing_dst" in
+		t,)
+			errmsg="  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+			;;
+		,t)
+			errmsg="  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+			;;
+		t,t)
+			errmsg="  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+			;;
+		*)
+			errmsg=
+			total_commits=$(
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				range="$sha1_src...$sha1_dst"
+			elif test $mod_src = 160000
+			then
+				range=$sha1_src
+			else
+				range=$sha1_dst
+			fi
+			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+			git log --pretty=oneline --first-parent $range | wc -l
+			)
+			total_commits=" ($(($total_commits + 0)))"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		sha1_abbr_src=$(echo $sha1_src | cut -c1-7)
+		sha1_abbr_dst=$(echo $sha1_dst | cut -c1-7)
+		if test $status = T
+		then
+			if test $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src(blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst(submodule)$total_commits:"
+			else
+				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src(submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst(blob)$total_commits:"
+			fi
+		else
+			echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
+		fi
+		if test -n "$errmsg"
+		then
+			# Don't give error msg for modification whose dst is not submodule
+			# i.e. deleted or changed to blob
+			test $mod_dst = 160000 && echo "$errmsg"
+		else
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				limit=
+				test $summary_limit -gt 0 && limit="-$summary_limit"
+				GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+				git log $limit --pretty='format:  %m %s' \
+				--first-parent $sha1_src...$sha1_dst
+			elif test $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+				git log --pretty='format:  > %s' -1 $sha1_dst
+			else
+				GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+				git log --pretty='format:  < %s' -1 $sha1_src
+			fi
+			echo
+		fi
+		echo
+	done
+}
 #
 # List all submodules, prefixed with:
 #  - submodule not initialized
@@ -367,7 +537,7 @@ cmd_status()
 		shift
 	done

-	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep -e '^160000 ' |
+	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep '^160000 ' |
 	while read mode sha1 stage path
 	do
 		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
@@ -401,7 +571,7 @@ cmd_status()
 while test $# != 0 && test -z "$command"
 do
 	case "$1" in
-	add | init | update | status)
+	add | init | update | status | summary)
 		command=$1
 		;;
 	-q|--quiet)
@@ -416,7 +586,7 @@ do
 		branch="$2"; shift
 		;;
 	--cached)
-		cached=1
+		cached="$1"
 		;;
 	--)
 		break
@@ -440,8 +610,8 @@ then
 	usage
 fi

-# "--cached" is accepted only by "status"
-if test -n "$cached" && test "$command" != status
+# "--cached" is accepted only by "status" and "summary"
+if test -n "$cached" && test "$command" != status -a "$command" != summary
 then
 	usage
 fi
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -958,9 +958,10 @@ sub complete_url_ls_init {
 		    "wanted to set to: $gs->{url}\n";
 	}
 	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->{url}) unless $orig_url;
-	my $remote_path = "$ra->{svn_path}/$repo_path/*";
+	my $remote_path = "$ra->{svn_path}/$repo_path";
 	$remote_path =~ s#/+#/#g;
 	$remote_path =~ s#^/##g;
+	$remote_path .= "/*" if $remote_path !~ /\*/;
 	my ($n) = ($switch =~ /^--(\w+)/);
 	if (length $pfx && $pfx !~ m#/$#) {
 		die "--prefix='$pfx' must have a trailing slash '/'\n";
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -23,12 +23,18 @@ USAGE='[--browser=browser|--tool=browser] [--config=conf.var] url/file ...'
 NONGIT_OK=Yes
 . git-sh-setup

+valid_custom_tool()
+{
+	browser_cmd="$(git config "browser.$1.cmd")"
+	test -n "$browser_cmd"
+}
+
 valid_tool() {
 	case "$1" in
 		firefox | iceweasel | konqueror | w3m | links | lynx | dillo | open)
 			;; # happy
 		*)
-			return 1
+			valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
 			;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -122,7 +128,7 @@ else

    init_browser_path "$browser"

-    if ! type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if test -z "$browser_cmd" && ! type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
 	die "The browser $browser is not available as '$browser_path'."
    fi
 fi
@@ -157,4 +163,9 @@ case "$browser" in
    dillo)
 	"$browser_path" "$@" &
 	;;
+    *)
+	if test -n "$browser_cmd"; then
+	    ( eval $browser_cmd "$@" )
+	fi
+	;;
 esac
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "revert", cmd_revert, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "rm", cmd_rm, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "send-pack", cmd_send_pack, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, USE_PAGER },
 		{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
 		{ "status", cmd_status, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
--- a/gitk-git/Makefile
+++ b/gitk-git/Makefile
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ gitk_libdir   ?= $(sharedir)/gitk/lib
 msgsdir    ?= $(gitk_libdir)/msgs
 msgsdir_SQ  = $(subst ','\'',$(msgsdir))

+TCL_PATH ?= tclsh
 TCLTK_PATH ?= wish
 INSTALL ?= install
 RM ?= rm -f
@@ -26,6 +27,9 @@ ifdef NO_MSGFMT
 	MSGFMT ?= $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
 else
 	MSGFMT ?= msgfmt
+	ifneq ($(shell $(MSGFMT) --tcl -l C -d . /dev/null 2>/dev/null; echo $$?),0)
+		MSGFMT := $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
+	endif
 endif

 PO_TEMPLATE = po/gitk.pot
--- a/gitk-git/gitk
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ proc dorunq {} {
 proc start_rev_list {view} {
    global startmsecs
    global commfd leftover tclencoding datemode
-    global viewargs viewfiles commitidx viewcomplete vnextroot
+    global viewargs viewargscmd viewfiles commitidx viewcomplete vnextroot
    global showlocalchanges commitinterest mainheadid
    global progressdirn progresscoords proglastnc curview

@@ -90,13 +90,23 @@ proc start_rev_list {view} {
    set commitidx($view) 0
    set viewcomplete($view) 0
    set vnextroot($view) 0
+    set args $viewargs($view)
+    if {$viewargscmd($view) ne {}} {
+	if {[catch {
+	    set str [exec sh -c $viewargscmd($view)]
+	} err]} {
+	    error_popup "Error executing --argscmd command: $err"
+	    exit 1
+	}
+	set args [concat $args [split $str "\n"]]
+    }
    set order "--topo-order"
    if {$datemode} {
 	set order "--date-order"
    }
    if {[catch {
 	set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color -z --pretty=raw $order --parents \
-			 --boundary $viewargs($view) "--" $viewfiles($view)] r]
+			 --boundary $args "--" $viewfiles($view)] r]
    } err]} {
 	error_popup "[mc "Error executing git rev-list:"] $err"
 	exit 1
@@ -393,6 +403,9 @@ proc readcommit {id} {
 proc updatecommits {} {
    global viewdata curview phase displayorder ordertok idpending
    global children commitrow selectedline thickerline showneartags
+    global isworktree
+
+    set isworktree [expr {[exec git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree] == "true"}]

    if {$phase ne {}} {
 	stop_rev_list
@@ -827,6 +840,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
    }
    frame .bleft.top
    frame .bleft.mid
+    frame .bleft.bottom

    button .bleft.top.search -text [mc "Search"] -command dosearch
    pack .bleft.top.search -side left -padx 5
@@ -854,18 +868,25 @@ proc makewindow {} {
    checkbutton .bleft.mid.ignspace -text [mc "Ignore space change"] \
 	-command changeignorespace -variable ignorespace
    pack .bleft.mid.ignspace -side left -padx 5
-    set ctext .bleft.ctext
+    set ctext .bleft.bottom.ctext
    text $ctext -background $bgcolor -foreground $fgcolor \
 	-state disabled -font textfont \
-	-yscrollcommand scrolltext -wrap none
+	-yscrollcommand scrolltext -wrap none \
+	-xscrollcommand ".bleft.bottom.sbhorizontal set"
    if {$have_tk85} {
 	$ctext conf -tabstyle wordprocessor
    }
-    scrollbar .bleft.sb -command "$ctext yview"
+    scrollbar .bleft.bottom.sb -command "$ctext yview"
+    scrollbar .bleft.bottom.sbhorizontal -command "$ctext xview" -orient h \
+	-width 10
    pack .bleft.top -side top -fill x
    pack .bleft.mid -side top -fill x
-    pack .bleft.sb -side right -fill y
-    pack $ctext -side left -fill both -expand 1
+    grid $ctext .bleft.bottom.sb -sticky nsew
+    grid .bleft.bottom.sbhorizontal -sticky ew
+    grid columnconfigure .bleft.bottom 0 -weight 1
+    grid rowconfigure .bleft.bottom 0 -weight 1
+    grid rowconfigure .bleft.bottom 1 -weight 0
+    pack .bleft.bottom -side top -fill both -expand 1
    lappend bglist $ctext
    lappend fglist $ctext

@@ -930,9 +951,17 @@ proc makewindow {} {
    .pwbottom add .bright
    .ctop add .pwbottom

-    # restore window position if known
+    # restore window width & height if known
    if {[info exists geometry(main)]} {
-        wm geometry . "$geometry(main)"
+	if {[scan $geometry(main) "%dx%d" w h] >= 2} {
+	    if {$w > [winfo screenwidth .]} {
+		set w [winfo screenwidth .]
+	    }
+	    if {$h > [winfo screenheight .]} {
+		set h [winfo screenheight .]
+	    }
+	    wm geometry . "${w}x$h"
+	}
    }

    if {[tk windowingsystem] eq {aqua}} {
@@ -1160,9 +1189,10 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
    global canv canv2 canv3 mainfont textfont uifont tabstop
    global stuffsaved findmergefiles maxgraphpct
    global maxwidth showneartags showlocalchanges
-    global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewperm nextviewnum
+    global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewargscmd viewperm nextviewnum
    global cmitmode wrapcomment datetimeformat limitdiffs
    global colors bgcolor fgcolor diffcolors diffcontext selectbgcolor
+    global autoselect

    if {$stuffsaved} return
    if {![winfo viewable .]} return
@@ -1177,6 +1207,7 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
 	puts $f [list set maxwidth $maxwidth]
 	puts $f [list set cmitmode $cmitmode]
 	puts $f [list set wrapcomment $wrapcomment]
+	puts $f [list set autoselect $autoselect]
 	puts $f [list set showneartags $showneartags]
 	puts $f [list set showlocalchanges $showlocalchanges]
 	puts $f [list set datetimeformat $datetimeformat]
@@ -1199,7 +1230,7 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
 	puts -nonewline $f "set permviews {"
 	for {set v 0} {$v < $nextviewnum} {incr v} {
 	    if {$viewperm($v)} {
-		puts $f "{[list $viewname($v) $viewfiles($v) $viewargs($v)]}"
+		puts $f "{[list $viewname($v) $viewfiles($v) $viewargs($v) $viewargscmd($v)]}"
 	    }
 	}
 	puts $f "}"
@@ -1851,7 +1882,7 @@ proc shellsplit {str} {

 proc newview {ishighlight} {
    global nextviewnum newviewname newviewperm newishighlight
-    global newviewargs revtreeargs
+    global newviewargs revtreeargs viewargscmd newviewargscmd curview

    set newishighlight $ishighlight
    set top .gitkview
@@ -1859,16 +1890,17 @@ proc newview {ishighlight} {
 	raise $top
 	return
    }
-    set newviewname($nextviewnum) "View $nextviewnum"
+    set newviewname($nextviewnum) "[mc "View"] $nextviewnum"
    set newviewperm($nextviewnum) 0
    set newviewargs($nextviewnum) [shellarglist $revtreeargs]
+    set newviewargscmd($nextviewnum) $viewargscmd($curview)
    vieweditor $top $nextviewnum [mc "Gitk view definition"]
 }

 proc editview {} {
    global curview
    global viewname viewperm newviewname newviewperm
-    global viewargs newviewargs
+    global viewargs newviewargs viewargscmd newviewargscmd

    set top .gitkvedit-$curview
    if {[winfo exists $top]} {
@@ -1878,6 +1910,7 @@ proc editview {} {
    set newviewname($curview) $viewname($curview)
    set newviewperm($curview) $viewperm($curview)
    set newviewargs($curview) [shellarglist $viewargs($curview)]
+    set newviewargscmd($curview) $viewargscmd($curview)
    vieweditor $top $curview "Gitk: edit view $viewname($curview)"
 }

@@ -1898,6 +1931,14 @@ proc vieweditor {top n title} {
    entry $top.args -width 50 -textvariable newviewargs($n) \
 	-background $bgcolor
    grid $top.args - -sticky ew -padx 5
+
+    message $top.ac -aspect 1000 \
+	-text [mc "Command to generate more commits to include:"]
+    grid $top.ac - -sticky w -pady 5
+    entry $top.argscmd -width 50 -textvariable newviewargscmd($n) \
+	-background white
+    grid $top.argscmd - -sticky ew -padx 5
+
    message $top.l -aspect 1000 \
 	-text [mc "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"]
    grid $top.l - -sticky w
@@ -1941,7 +1982,7 @@ proc allviewmenus {n op args} {
 proc newviewok {top n} {
    global nextviewnum newviewperm newviewname newishighlight
    global viewname viewfiles viewperm selectedview curview
-    global viewargs newviewargs viewhlmenu
+    global viewargs newviewargs viewargscmd newviewargscmd viewhlmenu

    if {[catch {
 	set newargs [shellsplit $newviewargs($n)]
@@ -1965,6 +2006,7 @@ proc newviewok {top n} {
 	set viewperm($n) $newviewperm($n)
 	set viewfiles($n) $files
 	set viewargs($n) $newargs
+	set viewargscmd($n) $newviewargscmd($n)
 	addviewmenu $n
 	if {!$newishighlight} {
 	    run showview $n
@@ -1981,9 +2023,11 @@ proc newviewok {top n} {
 	    # doviewmenu $viewhlmenu 1 [list addvhighlight $n] \
 		# entryconf [list -label $viewname($n) -value $viewname($n)]
 	}
-	if {$files ne $viewfiles($n) || $newargs ne $viewargs($n)} {
+	if {$files ne $viewfiles($n) || $newargs ne $viewargs($n) || \
+		$newviewargscmd($n) ne $viewargscmd($n)} {
 	    set viewfiles($n) $files
 	    set viewargs($n) $newargs
+	    set viewargscmd($n) $newviewargscmd($n)
 	    if {$curview == $n} {
 		run updatecommits
 	    }
@@ -2059,8 +2103,6 @@ proc showview {n} {
 	set ybot [expr {[lindex $span 1] * $ymax}]
 	if {$ytop < $y && $y < $ybot} {
 	    set yscreen [expr {$y - $ytop}]
-	} else {
-	    set yscreen [expr {($ybot - $ytop) / 2}]
 	}
    } elseif {[info exists pending_select]} {
 	set selid $pending_select
@@ -2121,7 +2163,7 @@ proc showview {n} {
    set yf 0
    set row {}
    set selectfirst 0
-    if {$selid ne {} && [info exists commitrow($n,$selid)]} {
+    if {[info exists yscreen] && [info exists commitrow($n,$selid)]} {
 	set row $commitrow($n,$selid)
 	# try to get the selected row in the same position on the screen
 	set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
@@ -2845,8 +2887,9 @@ proc dohidelocalchanges {} {
 # spawn off a process to do git diff-index --cached HEAD
 proc dodiffindex {} {
    global localirow localfrow lserial showlocalchanges
+    global isworktree

-    if {!$showlocalchanges} return
+    if {!$showlocalchanges || !$isworktree} return
    incr lserial
    set localfrow -1
    set localirow -1
@@ -4651,6 +4694,7 @@ proc selectline {l isnew} {
    global commentend idtags linknum
    global mergemax numcommits pending_select
    global cmitmode showneartags allcommits
+    global autoselect

    catch {unset pending_select}
    $canv delete hover
@@ -4706,8 +4750,10 @@ proc selectline {l isnew} {
    set currentid $id
    $sha1entry delete 0 end
    $sha1entry insert 0 $id
-    $sha1entry selection from 0
-    $sha1entry selection to end
+    if {$autoselect} {
+	$sha1entry selection from 0
+	$sha1entry selection to end
+    }
    rhighlight_sel $id

    $ctext conf -state normal
@@ -5605,7 +5651,7 @@ proc searchmarkvisible {doall} {
 proc scrolltext {f0 f1} {
    global searchstring

-    .bleft.sb set $f0 $f1
+    .bleft.bottom.sb set $f0 $f1
    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
 	searchmarkvisible 0
    }
@@ -7944,7 +7990,7 @@ proc doprefs {} {
    global maxwidth maxgraphpct
    global oldprefs prefstop showneartags showlocalchanges
    global bgcolor fgcolor ctext diffcolors selectbgcolor
-    global tabstop limitdiffs
+    global tabstop limitdiffs autoselect

    set top .gitkprefs
    set prefstop $top
@@ -7974,6 +8020,11 @@ proc doprefs {} {
    checkbutton $top.showlocal.b -variable showlocalchanges
    pack $top.showlocal.b $top.showlocal.l -side left
    grid x $top.showlocal -sticky w
+    frame $top.autoselect
+    label $top.autoselect.l -text [mc "Auto-select SHA1"] -font optionfont
+    checkbutton $top.autoselect.b -variable autoselect
+    pack $top.autoselect.b $top.autoselect.l -side left
+    grid x $top.autoselect -sticky w

    label $top.ddisp -text [mc "Diff display options"]
    grid $top.ddisp - -sticky w -pady 10
@@ -8464,6 +8515,7 @@ set maxlinelen 200
 set showlocalchanges 1
 set limitdiffs 1
 set datetimeformat "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
+set autoselect 1

 set colors {green red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
 set bgcolor white
@@ -8523,8 +8575,9 @@ set mergeonly 0
 set revtreeargs {}
 set cmdline_files {}
 set i 0
+set revtreeargscmd {}
 foreach arg $argv {
-    switch -- $arg {
+    switch -glob -- $arg {
 	"" { }
 	"-d" { set datemode 1 }
 	"--merge" {
@@ -8535,6 +8588,9 @@ foreach arg $argv {
 	    set cmdline_files [lrange $argv [expr {$i + 1}] end]
 	    break
 	}
+	"--argscmd=*" {
+	    set revtreeargscmd [string range $arg 10 end]
+	}
 	default {
 	    lappend revtreeargs $arg
 	}
@@ -8636,6 +8692,7 @@ set highlight_files {}
 set viewfiles(0) {}
 set viewperm(0) 0
 set viewargs(0) {}
+set viewargscmd(0) {}

 set cmdlineok 0
 set stopped 0
@@ -8644,6 +8701,7 @@ set patchnum 0
 set localirow -1
 set localfrow -1
 set lserial 0
+set isworktree [expr {[exec git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree] == "true"}]
 setcoords
 makewindow
 # wait for the window to become visible
@@ -8651,7 +8709,7 @@ tkwait visibility .
 wm title . "[file tail $argv0]: [file tail [pwd]]"
 readrefs

-if {$cmdline_files ne {} || $revtreeargs ne {}} {
+if {$cmdline_files ne {} || $revtreeargs ne {} || $revtreeargscmd ne {}} {
    # create a view for the files/dirs specified on the command line
    set curview 1
    set selectedview 1
@@ -8659,6 +8717,7 @@ if {$cmdline_files ne {} || $revtreeargs ne {}} {
    set viewname(1) [mc "Command line"]
    set viewfiles(1) $cmdline_files
    set viewargs(1) $revtreeargs
+    set viewargscmd(1) $revtreeargscmd
    set viewperm(1) 0
    addviewmenu 1
    .bar.view entryconf [mc "Edit view..."] -state normal
@@ -8672,6 +8731,7 @@ if {[info exists permviews]} {
 	set viewname($n) [lindex $v 0]
 	set viewfiles($n) [lindex $v 1]
 	set viewargs($n) [lindex $v 2]
+	set viewargscmd($n) [lindex $v 3]
 	set viewperm($n) 1
 	addviewmenu $n
    }
--- a/gitk-git/po/it.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/it.po
@@ -0,0 +1,890 @@
+# Translation of gitk
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>, 2008.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-03-13 17:29+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-03-13 17:34+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Italian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: gitk:111
+msgid "Error executing git rev-list:"
+msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione di git rev-list:"
+
+#: gitk:124
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Lettura in corso"
+
+#: gitk:151 gitk:2191
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Lettura delle revisioni in corso..."
+
+#: gitk:275
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Impossibile elaborare i dati di git log:"
+
+#: gitk:386 gitk:2195
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Nessuna revisione selezionata"
+
+#: gitk:500
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Nessuna informazione disponibile sulle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:599 gitk:621 gitk:1955 gitk:6423 gitk:7923 gitk:8082
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "OK"
+
+#: gitk:623 gitk:1956 gitk:6107 gitk:6178 gitk:6275 gitk:6321 gitk:6425
+#: gitk:7924 gitk:8083
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Annulla"
+
+#: gitk:661
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "File"
+
+#: gitk:663
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Aggiorna"
+
+#: gitk:664
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Rileggi riferimenti"
+
+#: gitk:665
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Elenca riferimenti"
+
+#: gitk:666
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Esci"
+
+#: gitk:668
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Modifica"
+
+#: gitk:669
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Preferenze"
+
+#: gitk:672 gitk:1892
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Vista"
+
+#: gitk:673
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Nuova vista..."
+
+#: gitk:674 gitk:2133 gitk:8722
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Modifica vista..."
+
+#: gitk:676 gitk:2134 gitk:8723
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Elimina vista"
+
+#: gitk:678
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Tutti i file"
+
+#: gitk:682
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Aiuto"
+
+#: gitk:683 gitk:1317
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Informazioni su gitk"
+
+#: gitk:684
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera"
+
+#: gitk:741
+msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#: gitk:791
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Trova"
+
+#: gitk:792
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "succ"
+
+#: gitk:793
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "prec"
+
+#: gitk:794
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "revisione"
+
+#: gitk:797 gitk:799 gitk:2356 gitk:2379 gitk:2403 gitk:4306 gitk:4369
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "contenente:"
+
+#: gitk:800 gitk:1778 gitk:1783 gitk:2431
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "che riguarda i percorsi:"
+
+#: gitk:801 gitk:2436
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "che aggiunge/rimuove la stringa:"
+
+#: gitk:810 gitk:812
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Esatto"
+
+#: gitk:812 gitk:2514 gitk:4274
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:812 gitk:2405 gitk:2512 gitk:4270
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:814 gitk:815 gitk:2533 gitk:2563 gitk:2570 gitk:4380 gitk:4436
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Tutti i campi"
+
+#: gitk:815 gitk:2531 gitk:2563 gitk:4336
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Titolo"
+
+#: gitk:816 gitk:2531 gitk:4336 gitk:4436 gitk:4827
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Commenti"
+
+#: gitk:816 gitk:2531 gitk:2535 gitk:2570 gitk:4336 gitk:4763 gitk:5956
+#: gitk:5971
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Autore"
+
+#: gitk:816 gitk:2531 gitk:4336 gitk:4765
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Revisione creata da"
+
+#: gitk:845
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Cerca"
+
+#: gitk:852
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:854
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Vecchia versione"
+
+#: gitk:856
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Nuova versione"
+
+#: gitk:858
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Linee di contesto"
+
+#: gitk:868
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignora modifiche agli spazi"
+
+#: gitk:926
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Modifiche"
+
+#: gitk:928
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Directory"
+
+#: gitk:1053 gitk:1068 gitk:6022
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diff questo -> selezionato"
+
+#: gitk:1055 gitk:1070 gitk:6023
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diff selezionato -> questo"
+
+#: gitk:1057 gitk:1072 gitk:6024
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Crea patch"
+
+#: gitk:1058 gitk:6162
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Crea etichetta"
+
+#: gitk:1059 gitk:6255
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Scrivi revisione in un file"
+
+#: gitk:1060 gitk:6309
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Crea un nuovo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:1061
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Porta questa revisione in cima al ramo attuale"
+
+#: gitk:1063
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo HEAD a questa revisione"
+
+#: gitk:1079
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Attiva questo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:1081
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Elimina questo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:1087
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Evidenzia anche questo"
+
+#: gitk:1089
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Evidenzia solo questo"
+
+#: gitk:1318
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2006 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - un visualizzatore di revisioni per git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2006 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Utilizzo e redistribuzione permessi sotto i termini della GNU General Public "
+"License"
+
+#: gitk:1326 gitk:1387 gitk:6581
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Chiudi"
+
+#: gitk:1345
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:1347
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:1349
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tEsci"
+
+#: gitk:1350
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tVai alla prima revisione"
+
+#: gitk:1351
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tVai all'ultima revisione"
+
+#: gitk:1352
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tVai più in alto di una revisione"
+
+#: gitk:1353
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tVai più in basso di una revisione"
+
+#: gitk:1354
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tTorna indietro nella cronologia"
+
+#: gitk:1355
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tVai avanti nella cronologia"
+
+#: gitk:1356
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tVai più in alto di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:1357
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tVai più in basso di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:1358
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tScorri alla cima della lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:1359
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tScorri alla fine della lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:1360
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una riga"
+
+#: gitk:1361
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una riga"
+
+#: gitk:1362
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:1363
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:1364
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tTrova all'indietro (verso l'alto, revisioni successive)"
+
+#: gitk:1365
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tTrova in avanti (verso il basso, revisioni precedenti)"
+
+#: gitk:1366
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:1367
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:1368
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:1369
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di 18 linee"
+
+#: gitk:1370
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di 18 linee"
+
+#: gitk:1371
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTrova"
+
+#: gitk:1372
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tTrova in avanti"
+
+#: gitk:1373
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\tTrova in avanti"
+
+#: gitk:1374
+msgid "/\t\tMove to next find hit, or redo find"
+msgstr "/\t\tTrova in avanti, o cerca di nuovo"
+
+#: gitk:1375
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tTrova all'indietro"
+
+#: gitk:1376
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze al file successivo"
+
+#: gitk:1377
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tCerca in avanti nella vista delle differenze"
+
+#: gitk:1378
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tCerca all'indietro nella vista delle differenze"
+
+#: gitk:1379
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumenta grandezza carattere"
+
+#: gitk:1380
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAumenta grandezza carattere"
+
+#: gitk:1381
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDiminuisci grandezza carattere"
+
+#: gitk:1382
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tDiminuisci grandezza carattere"
+
+#: gitk:1383
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tAggiorna"
+
+#: gitk:1896
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Scelta vista Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:1921
+msgid "Name"
+msgstr "Nome"
+
+#: gitk:1924
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Ricorda questa vista"
+
+#: gitk:1928
+msgid "Commits to include (arguments to git rev-list):"
+msgstr "Revisioni da includere (argomenti di git rev-list):"
+
+#: gitk:1935
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Comando che genera altre revisioni da visualizzare:"
+
+#: gitk:1942
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Inserire file e directory da includere, uno per riga:"
+
+#: gitk:1989
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Errore negli argomenti di selezione delle revisioni:"
+
+#: gitk:2043 gitk:2127 gitk:2583 gitk:2597 gitk:3781 gitk:8688 gitk:8689
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Nessuno"
+
+#: gitk:2531 gitk:4336 gitk:5958 gitk:5973
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:2531 gitk:4336
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2680 gitk:2685
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Discendente"
+
+#: gitk:2681
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Non discendente"
+
+#: gitk:2688 gitk:2693
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Ascendente"
+
+#: gitk:2689
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Non ascendente"
+
+#: gitk:2924
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Modifiche locali presenti nell'indice ma non nell'archivio"
+
+#: gitk:2954
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Modifiche locali non presenti né nell'archivio né nell'indice"
+
+#: gitk:4305
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Ricerca in corso"
+
+#: gitk:4767
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Etichette:"
+
+#: gitk:4784 gitk:4790 gitk:5951
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Genitore"
+
+#: gitk:4795
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Figlio"
+
+#: gitk:4804
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Ramo"
+
+#: gitk:4807
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Segue"
+
+#: gitk:4810
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Precede"
+
+#: gitk:5093
+msgid "Error getting merge diffs:"
+msgstr "Errore nella lettura delle differenze di fusione:"
+
+#: gitk:5778
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Vai a:"
+
+#: gitk:5780
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:5805
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "La SHA1 id abbreviata %s è ambigua"
+
+#: gitk:5817
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "La SHA1 id %s è sconosciuta"
+
+#: gitk:5819
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+msgstr "L'etichetta/ramo %s è sconosciuto"
+
+#: gitk:5961
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Figli"
+
+#: gitk:6018
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo %s a questa revisione"
+
+#: gitk:6049
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Inizio"
+
+#: gitk:6050
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "Da"
+
+#: gitk:6055
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "A"
+
+#: gitk:6078
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Genera patch"
+
+#: gitk:6080
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "Da:"
+
+#: gitk:6089
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "A:"
+
+#: gitk:6098
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Inverti"
+
+#: gitk:6100 gitk:6269
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Scrivi sul file:"
+
+#: gitk:6106
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Genera"
+
+#: gitk:6142
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Errore nella creazione della patch:"
+
+#: gitk:6164 gitk:6257 gitk:6311
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:6173
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Nome etichetta:"
+
+#: gitk:6177 gitk:6320
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Crea"
+
+#: gitk:6192
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Nessuna etichetta specificata"
+
+#: gitk:6196
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "L'etichetta \"%s\" esiste già"
+
+#: gitk:6202
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Errore nella creazione dell'etichetta:"
+
+#: gitk:6266
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Comando:"
+
+#: gitk:6274
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Scrivi"
+
+#: gitk:6290
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Errore nella scrittura della revisione:"
+
+#: gitk:6316
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Nome:"
+
+#: gitk:6335
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Specificare un nome per il nuovo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:6364
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr "La revisione %s è già inclusa nel ramo %s -- applicarla di nuovo?"
+
+#: gitk:6369
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:6381
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica archiviata"
+
+#: gitk:6404
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Conferma git reset"
+
+#: gitk:6406
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Aggiornare il ramo %s a %s?"
+
+#: gitk:6410
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Tipo di aggiornamento:"
+
+#: gitk:6414
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Soft: Lascia la direcory di lavoro e l'indice come sono"
+
+#: gitk:6417
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Mixed: Lascia la directory di lavoro come è, aggiorna l'indice"
+
+#: gitk:6420
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hard: Aggiorna la directory di lavoro e l'indice\n"
+"(abbandona TUTTE le modifiche locali)"
+
+#: gitk:6436
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "git reset in corso"
+
+#: gitk:6493
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Attivazione in corso"
+
+#: gitk:6523
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Impossibile cancellare il ramo attualmente attivo"
+
+#: gitk:6529
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Le revisioni nel ramo %s non sono presenti su altri rami.\n"
+"Cancellare il ramo %s?"
+
+#: gitk:6560
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Etichette e rami: %s"
+
+#: gitk:6574
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtro"
+
+#: gitk:6868
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Errore nella lettura della topologia delle revisioni: le informazioni sul "
+"ramo e le etichette precedenti e seguenti saranno incomplete."
+
+#: gitk:7852
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Etichetta"
+
+#: gitk:7852
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:7892
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Scelta caratteri gitk"
+
+#: gitk:7909
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:7912
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:8005
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferenze gitk"
+
+#: gitk:8006
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Opzioni visualizzazione dell'elenco revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:8009
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (in linee)"
+
+#: gitk:8013
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (% del pannello)"
+
+#: gitk:8018
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Mostra modifiche locali"
+
+#: gitk:8023
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "Seleziona automaticamente SHA1 hash"
+
+#: gitk:8028
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Opzioni di visualizzazione delle differenze"
+
+#: gitk:8030
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Spaziatura tabulazioni"
+
+#: gitk:8034
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Mostra etichette vicine"
+
+#: gitk:8039
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Limita le differenze ai percorsi elencati"
+
+#: gitk:8044
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Colori: premere per scegliere"
+
+#: gitk:8047
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Sfondo"
+
+#: gitk:8051
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Primo piano"
+
+#: gitk:8055
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: vecchie linee"
+
+#: gitk:8060
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: nuove linee"
+
+#: gitk:8065
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: intestazione della sezione"
+
+#: gitk:8071
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Sfondo selezione"
+
+#: gitk:8075
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Carattere: premere per scegliere"
+
+#: gitk:8077
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Carattere principale"
+
+#: gitk:8078
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Carattere per differenze"
+
+#: gitk:8079
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Carattere per interfaccia utente"
+
+#: gitk:8095
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: scegliere un colore per %s"
+
+#: gitk:8476
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Questa versione di Tcl/Tk non può avviare gitk.\n"
+" Gitk richiede Tcl/Tk versione 8.4 o superiore."
+
+#: gitk:8565
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Archivio git non trovato."
+
+#: gitk:8569
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Directory git \"%s\" non trovata."
+
+#: gitk:8612
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Argomento ambiguo: '%s' è sia revisione che nome di file"
+
+#: gitk:8624
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Gitk: argomenti errati:"
+
+#: gitk:8636
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Impossibile ottenere l'elenco dei file in attesa di fusione:"
+
+#: gitk:8652
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma non ci "
+"sono file in attesa di fusione."
+
+#: gitk:8655
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma i file "
+"specificati non sono in attesa di fusione."
+
+#: gitk:8716
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Linea di comando"
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "common-cmds.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+static struct man_viewer_list {
+	void (*exec)(const char *);
+	struct man_viewer_list *next;
+} *man_viewer_list;

 enum help_format {
 	HELP_FORMAT_MAN,
@@ -42,6 +48,102 @@ static enum help_format parse_help_format(const char *format)
 	die("unrecognized help format '%s'", format);
 }

+static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process ec_process;
+	const char *argv_ec[] = { "emacsclient", "--version", NULL };
+	int version;
+
+	/* emacsclient prints its version number on stderr */
+	memset(&ec_process, 0, sizeof(ec_process));
+	ec_process.argv = argv_ec;
+	ec_process.err = -1;
+	ec_process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	if (start_command(&ec_process)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start emacsclient.\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_read(&buffer, ec_process.err, 20);
+	close(ec_process.err);
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't bother checking return value, because "emacsclient --version"
+	 * seems to always exits with code 1.
+	 */
+	finish_command(&ec_process);
+
+	if (prefixcmp(buffer.buf, "emacsclient")) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse emacsclient version.\n");
+		strbuf_release(&buffer);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_remove(&buffer, 0, strlen("emacsclient"));
+	version = atoi(buffer.buf);
+
+	if (version < 22) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22).\n",
+			version);
+		strbuf_release(&buffer);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void exec_woman_emacs(const char *page)
+{
+	if (!check_emacsclient_version()) {
+		/* This works only with emacsclient version >= 22. */
+		struct strbuf man_page = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "(woman \"%s\")", page);
+		execlp("emacsclient", "emacsclient", "-e", man_page.buf, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+static void exec_man_konqueror(const char *page)
+{
+	const char *display = getenv("DISPLAY");
+	if (display && *display) {
+		struct strbuf man_page = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "man:%s(1)", page);
+		execlp("kfmclient", "kfmclient", "newTab", man_page.buf, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+static void exec_man_man(const char *page)
+{
+	execlp("man", "man", page, NULL);
+}
+
+static void do_add_man_viewer(void (*exec)(const char *))
+{
+	struct man_viewer_list **p = &man_viewer_list;
+
+	while (*p)
+		p = &((*p)->next);
+	*p = xmalloc(sizeof(**p));
+	(*p)->next = NULL;
+	(*p)->exec = exec;
+}
+
+static int add_man_viewer(const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(value, "man"))
+		do_add_man_viewer(exec_man_man);
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "woman"))
+		do_add_man_viewer(exec_woman_emacs);
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "konqueror"))
+		do_add_man_viewer(exec_man_konqueror);
+	else
+		warning("'%s': unsupported man viewer.", value);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "help.format")) {
@@ -50,6 +152,11 @@ static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		help_format = parse_help_format(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "man.viewer")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		return add_man_viewer(value);
+	}
 	return git_default_config(var, value);
 }

@@ -370,9 +477,16 @@ static void setup_man_path(void)

 static void show_man_page(const char *git_cmd)
 {
+	struct man_viewer_list *viewer;
 	const char *page = cmd_to_page(git_cmd);
+
 	setup_man_path();
-	execlp("man", "man", page, NULL);
+	for (viewer = man_viewer_list; viewer; viewer = viewer->next)
+	{
+		viewer->exec(page); /* will return when unable */
+	}
+	exec_man_man(page);
+	die("no man viewer handled the request");
 }

 static void show_info_page(const char *git_cmd)
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -138,10 +138,14 @@ static int has_non_ascii(const char *s)
 }

 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, const char *name,
-			     const char **subject_p, const char **extra_headers_p)
+			     const char **subject_p,
+			     const char **extra_headers_p,
+			     int *need_8bit_cte_p)
 {
 	const char *subject = NULL;
 	const char *extra_headers = opt->extra_headers;
+
+	*need_8bit_cte_p = 0; /* unknown */
 	if (opt->total > 0) {
 		static char buffer[64];
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
@@ -169,6 +173,7 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, const char *name,
 	if (opt->mime_boundary) {
 		static char subject_buffer[1024];
 		static char buffer[1024];
+		*need_8bit_cte_p = -1; /* NEVER */
 		snprintf(subject_buffer, sizeof(subject_buffer) - 1,
 			 "%s"
 			 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -212,6 +217,7 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt, const char *sep)
 	int abbrev_commit = opt->abbrev_commit ? opt->abbrev : 40;
 	const char *extra;
 	const char *subject = NULL, *extra_headers = opt->extra_headers;
+	int need_8bit_cte = 0;

 	opt->loginfo = NULL;
 	if (!opt->verbose_header) {
@@ -255,7 +261,8 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt, const char *sep)

 	if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
 		log_write_email_headers(opt, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
-					&subject, &extra_headers);
+					&subject, &extra_headers,
+					&need_8bit_cte);
 	} else if (opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) {
 		fputs(diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT), stdout);
 		if (opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
@@ -299,9 +306,11 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt, const char *sep)
 	 * And then the pretty-printed message itself
 	 */
 	strbuf_init(&msgbuf, 0);
+	if (need_8bit_cte >= 0)
+		need_8bit_cte = has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff);
 	pretty_print_commit(opt->commit_format, commit, &msgbuf,
 			    abbrev, subject, extra_headers, opt->date_mode,
-			    has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff));
+			    need_8bit_cte);

 	if (opt->add_signoff)
 		append_signoff(&msgbuf, opt->add_signoff);
--- a/log-tree.h
+++ b/log-tree.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ int log_tree_opt_parse(struct rev_info *, const char **, int);
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt, const char *sep);
 void show_decorations(struct commit *commit);
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, const char *name,
-			     const char **subject_p, const char **extra_headers_p);
+			     const char **subject_p,
+			     const char **extra_headers_p,
+			     int *need_8bit_cte_p);

 #endif
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ void pp_title_line(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
 		   const char *subject,
 		   const char *after_subject,
 		   const char *encoding,
-		   int plain_non_ascii)
+		   int need_8bit_cte)
 {
 	struct strbuf title;

@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ void pp_title_line(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
 	}
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');

-	if (plain_non_ascii) {
+	if (need_8bit_cte > 0) {
 		const char *header_fmt =
 			"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 			"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%s\n"
@@ -718,9 +718,9 @@ void pp_remainder(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
 }

 void pretty_print_commit(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
-				  struct strbuf *sb, int abbrev,
-				  const char *subject, const char *after_subject,
-				  enum date_mode dmode, int plain_non_ascii)
+			 struct strbuf *sb, int abbrev,
+			 const char *subject, const char *after_subject,
+			 enum date_mode dmode, int need_8bit_cte)
 {
 	unsigned long beginning_of_body;
 	int indent = 4;
@@ -746,13 +746,11 @@ void pretty_print_commit(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
 	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		indent = 0;

-	/* After-subject is used to pass in Content-Type: multipart
-	 * MIME header; in that case we do not have to do the
-	 * plaintext content type even if the commit message has
-	 * non 7-bit ASCII character.  Otherwise, check if we need
-	 * to say this is not a 7-bit ASCII.
+	/*
+	 * We need to check and emit Content-type: to mark it
+	 * as 8-bit if we haven't done so.
 	 */
-	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && !after_subject) {
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && need_8bit_cte == 0) {
 		int i, ch, in_body;

 		for (in_body = i = 0; (ch = msg[i]); i++) {
@@ -765,7 +763,7 @@ void pretty_print_commit(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
 					in_body = 1;
 			}
 			else if (non_ascii(ch)) {
-				plain_non_ascii = 1;
+				need_8bit_cte = 1;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -790,7 +788,7 @@ void pretty_print_commit(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
 	/* These formats treat the title line specially. */
 	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		pp_title_line(fmt, &msg, sb, subject,
-			      after_subject, encoding, plain_non_ascii);
+			      after_subject, encoding, need_8bit_cte);

 	beginning_of_body = sb->len;
 	if (fmt != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -407,18 +407,22 @@ static int get_nth_ancestor(const char *name, int len,
 			    unsigned char *result, int generation)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return -1;

 	while (generation--) {
-		struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-
-		if (!commit || parse_commit(commit) || !commit->parents)
+		if (parse_commit(commit) || !commit->parents)
 			return -1;
-		hashcpy(sha1, commit->parents->item->object.sha1);
+		commit = commit->parents->item;
 	}
-	hashcpy(result, sha1);
+	hashcpy(result, commit->object.sha1);
 	return 0;
 }

@@ -544,9 +548,8 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	int ret, has_suffix;
 	const char *cp;

-	/* "name~3" is "name^^^",
-	 * "name~" and "name~0" are name -- not "name^0"!
-	 * "name^" is not "name^0"; it is "name^1".
+	/*
+	 * "name~3" is "name^^^", "name~" is "name~1", and "name^" is "name^1".
 	 */
 	has_suffix = 0;
 	for (cp = name + len - 1; name <= cp; cp--) {
@@ -564,11 +567,10 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		cp++;
 		while (cp < name + len)
 			num = num * 10 + *cp++ - '0';
-		if (has_suffix == '^') {
-			if (!num && len1 == len - 1)
-				num = 1;
+		if (!num && len1 == len - 1)
+			num = 1;
+		if (has_suffix == '^')
 			return get_parent(name, len1, sha1, num);
-		}
 		/* else if (has_suffix == '~') -- goes without saying */
 		return get_nth_ancestor(name, len1, sha1, num);
 	}
--- a/t/diff-lib.sh
+++ b/t/diff-lib.sh
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ compare_diff_raw_z () {
    # Also we do not check SHA1 hash generation in this test, which
    # is a job for t0000-basic.sh

-    tr '\000' '\012' <"$1" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-1
-    tr '\000' '\012' <"$2" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-2
+    perl -pe 'y/\000/\012/' <"$1" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-1
+    perl -pe 'y/\000/\012/' <"$2" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-2
    git diff .tmp-1 .tmp-2 && rm -f .tmp-1 .tmp-2
 }

--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ attr_check () {

 	git check-attr test -- "$path" >actual &&
 	echo "$path: test: $2" >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 }

--- a/t/t0020-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ test_description='CRLF conversion'
 . ./test-lib.sh

 q_to_nul () {
-	tr Q '\000'
+	perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
 }

 q_to_cr () {
--- a/t/t0022-crlf-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t0022-crlf-rename.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff -M' '

 	git diff-tree -M -r --name-status HEAD^ HEAD |
 	sed -e "s/R[0-9]*/RNUM/" >actual &&
-	echo "RNUM	sample	elpmas" >expect &&
+	echo "RNUM	sample	elpmas" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual

 '
--- a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
+++ b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
@@ -245,12 +245,12 @@ test_expect_success \

 test_expect_success \
    'text plus spaces without newline at end should not show spaces' '
-    ! (printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ")
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null)
 '

 test_expect_success \
@@ -282,12 +282,12 @@ test_expect_success \

 test_expect_success \
    'text plus spaces at end should not show spaces' '
-    ! (echo "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ")
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null)
 '

 test_expect_success \
@@ -341,11 +341,11 @@ test_expect_success \

 test_expect_success \
    'spaces without newline at end should not show spaces' '
-    ! (printf "" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ")
+    ! (printf "" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null)
 '

 test_expect_success \
--- a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ test_description='Various filesystem issues'

 . ./test-lib.sh

-auml=`perl -CO -e 'print pack("U",0x00E4)'`
-aumlcdiar=`perl -CO -e 'print pack("U",0x0061).pack("U",0x0308)'`
+auml=`printf '\xc3\xa4'`
+aumlcdiar=`printf '\x61\xcc\x88'`

 test_expect_success 'see if we expect ' '

--- a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 test_expect_success 'reset should work' '
  git read-tree -u --reset HEAD^ &&
  git ls-files >actual &&
-  diff -u expect actual
+  test_cmp expect actual
 '

 test_done
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -657,12 +657,12 @@ Qsection.sub=section.val4
 Qsection.sub=section.val5Q
 EOF

-git config --null --list | tr '\000' 'Q' > result
+git config --null --list | perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/' > result
 echo >>result

 test_expect_success '--null --list' 'cmp result expect'

-git config --null --get-regexp 'val[0-9]' | tr '\000' 'Q' > result
+git config --null --get-regexp 'val[0-9]' | perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/' > result
 echo >>result

 test_expect_success '--null --get-regexp' 'cmp result expect'
--- a/t/t1410-reflog.sh
+++ b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
@@ -202,22 +202,4 @@ test_expect_success 'delete' '

 '

-test_expect_success 'prune --expire' '
-
-	before=$(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	BLOB=$(echo aleph | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
-	BLOB_FILE=.git/objects/$(echo $BLOB | sed "s/^../&\//") &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
-	git reset --hard &&
-	git prune --expire=1.hour.ago &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
-	test-chmtime -86500 $BLOB_FILE &&
-	git prune --expire 1.day &&
-	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
-
-'
-
 test_done
--- a/t/t2200-add-update.sh
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cache tree has not been corrupted' '
 	sed -e "s/ 0	/	/" >expect &&
 	git ls-tree -r $(git write-tree) |
 	sed -e "s/ blob / /" >current &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current

 '

--- a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 EOF

 test_expect_success 'git-status honours core.excludesfile' \
-	'diff -u expect output'
+	'test_cmp expect output'

 test_expect_success 'trailing slash in exclude allows directory match(1)' '

--- a/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success clone '
 		cd cloned &&
 		(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >../actual
 	) &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '

 test_expect_success advance '
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test_expect_success fetch '
 		git pull &&
 		(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >../actual
 	) &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '

 test_done
--- a/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ test_expect_success 'git -ls-files --with-tree should succeed from subdir' '
 cd ..
 test_expect_success \
    'git -ls-files --with-tree should add entries from named tree.' \
-    'diff -u expected output'
+    'test_cmp expected output'

 test_done
--- a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=master' '
 	{
 		echo "  master" && echo "* side"
 	} >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains master' '
 	{
 		echo "  master" && echo "* side"
 	} >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
 	{
 		echo "* side"
 	} >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

--- a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
+++ b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ echo 'just space
 no-funny
 tabs	," (dq) and spaces' >expected
 test_expect_success 'git ls-files -z with-funny' \
-	'git ls-files -z | tr \\000 \\012 >current &&
+	'git ls-files -z | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
 	git diff expected current'

 t1=`git write-tree`
@@ -83,11 +83,11 @@ test_expect_success 'git diff-tree with-funny' \
 echo 'A
 tabs	," (dq) and spaces' >expected
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 | tr \\000 \\012 >current &&
+	'git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
 	git diff expected current'

 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 | tr \\000 \\012 >current &&
+	'git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
 	git diff expected current'

 cat > expected <<\EOF
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog for the branch shows state before rebase' '

 test_expect_success 'exchange two commits' '
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
-	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | tail -n 1) &&
-	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n 1)
+	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 '

 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -146,11 +146,10 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
 	! git rebase -i master &&
-	diff -u expect .git/.dotest-merge/patch &&
-	diff -u expect2 file1 &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/.dotest-merge/patch &&
+	test_cmp expect2 file1 &&
 	test 4 = $(grep -v "^#" < .git/.dotest-merge/done | wc -l) &&
-	test 0 = $(grep -ve "^#" -e "^$" < .git/.dotest-merge/git-rebase-todo |
-		wc -l)
+	test 0 = $(grep -c "^[^#]" < .git/.dotest-merge/git-rebase-todo)
 '

 test_expect_success 'abort' '
--- a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
+++ b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ test_expect_success rebase '
 	git rebase master side &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F1 &&

-	diff -u F0 F1 &&
-	diff -u F F0
+	test_cmp F0 F1 &&
+	test_cmp F F0
 '

 test_done
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -m' '
 	git rebase -m master >report &&
 	sed -n -e "/^Already applied: /p" \
 		-e "/^Committed: /p" report >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'diff works (initial)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/new file/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
-	diff -u expected diff
+	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 test_expect_success 'revert works (initial)' '
 	git add file &&
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'diff works (commit)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/^index/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
-	diff -u expected diff
+	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 test_expect_success 'revert works (commit)' '
 	git add file &&
--- a/t/t3800-mktag.sh
+++ b/t/t3800-mktag.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ check_verify_failure () {
 	expect="$2"
 	test_expect_success "$1" '
 		( ! git-mktag <tag.sig 2>message ) &&
-		grep -q "$expect" message
+		grep "$expect" message
 	'
 }

--- a/t/t3902-quoted.sh
+++ b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
@@ -78,28 +78,28 @@ EOF

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '

-	git ls-files >current && diff -u expect.quoted current
+	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.quoted current

 '

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '

 	git diff --name-only >current &&
-	diff -u expect.quoted current
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current

 '

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '

 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.quoted current
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current

 '

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '

 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.quoted current
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current

 '

@@ -111,28 +111,28 @@ test_expect_success 'setting core.quotepath' '

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '

-	git ls-files >current && diff -u expect.raw current
+	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.raw current

 '

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '

 	git diff --name-only >current &&
-	diff -u expect.raw current
+	test_cmp expect.raw current

 '

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '

 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.raw current
+	test_cmp expect.raw current

 '

 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '

 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.raw current
+	test_cmp expect.raw current

 '

--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'parents of stash' '
 	test $(git rev-parse stash^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git diff stash^2..stash > output &&
-	diff -u output expect
+	test_cmp output expect
 '

 test_expect_success 'apply needs clean working directory' '
--- a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
+++ b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
@@ -99,11 +99,12 @@ test_expect_success 'no diff with -diff' '
 	git diff | grep Binary
 '

-echo NULZbetweenZwords | tr Z '\000' > file
+echo NULZbetweenZwords | perl -pe 'y/Z/\000/' > file

 test_expect_success 'force diff with "diff"' '
 	echo >.gitattributes "file diff" &&
-	git diff | grep -a second
+	git diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp ../t4020/diff.NUL actual
 '

 test_done
--- a/t/t4020/diff.NUL
+++ b/t/t4020/diff.NUL
--- a/t/t4021-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
+++ b/t/t4021-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
@@ -32,11 +32,19 @@ test_expect_success 'format with signoff without funny signer name' '

 test_expect_success 'format with non ASCII signer name' '

-	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="$B$O$^$N(B $B$U$K$*$&(B" \
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="はまの ふにおう" \
 	git format-patch -s --stdout -1 >output &&
 	grep Content-Type output

 '

+test_expect_success 'attach and signoff do not duplicate mime headers' '
+
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="はまの ふにおう" \
+	git format-patch -s --stdout -1 --attach >output &&
+	test `grep -ci ^MIME-Version: output` = 1
+
+'
+
 test_done

--- a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ test_expect_success setup '

 	cat ../../COPYING >test &&
 	git add test &&
-	tr 'a-zA-Z' 'n-za-mN-ZA-M' <../../COPYING >test
+	tr \
+	  "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" \
+	  "nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM" \
+	  <../../COPYING >test

 '

--- a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 		echo "R100	foo	bar"
 		echo "R100	bar	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 		echo "R100	foo	bar"
 		echo "R100	bar	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ test_expect_success 'moves and renames' '
 		echo "R100	foo	bar"
 		echo "T100	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

--- a/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
+++ b/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff -U0' '
 	do
 		git diff -U0 file-?$n
 	done | zc >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual

 '

--- a/t/t4025-hunk-header.sh
+++ b/t/t4025-hunk-header.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test_expect_success 'hunk header truncation with an overly long line' '
 		echo " A $N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N2"
 		echo " L  $N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N1"
 	) >expected &&
-	diff -u actual expected
+	test_cmp actual expected

 '

--- a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
@@ -37,17 +37,17 @@ test_expect_success setup '

 test_expect_success 'git diff --raw HEAD' '
 	git diff --raw --abbrev=40 HEAD >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '

 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --raw HEAD' '
 	git diff-index --raw HEAD >actual.index &&
-	diff -u expect actual.index
+	test_cmp expect actual.index
 '

 test_expect_success 'git diff-files --raw' '
 	git diff-files --raw >actual.files &&
-	diff -u expect actual.files
+	test_cmp expect actual.files
 '

 test_done
--- a/t/t4028-format-patch-mime-headers.sh
+++ b/t/t4028-format-patch-mime-headers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='format-patch mime headers and extra headers do not conflict'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commit with utf-8 body' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m "two
+
+	utf-8 body: ñ"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch has mime headers' '
+	rm -f 0001-two.patch &&
+	git format-patch HEAD^ &&
+	grep -i "content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8" 0001-two.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch has mime and extra headers' '
+	rm -f 0001-two.patch &&
+	git config format.headers "x-foo: bar" &&
+	git format-patch HEAD^ &&
+	grep -i "x-foo: bar" 0001-two.patch &&
+	grep -i "content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8" 0001-two.patch
+'
+
+test_done
--- a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file4
 git-commit -m 'Initial Version' 2>/dev/null

 git-checkout -b binary
-tr 'x' '\000' <file1 >file3
+perl -pe 'y/x/\000/' <file1 >file3
 cat file3 >file4
 git add file2
-tr '\000' 'v' <file3 >file1
+perl -pe 'y/\000/v/' <file3 >file1
 rm -f file2
 git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file3 file4
 git-commit -m 'Second Version'
--- a/t/t4105-apply-fuzz.sh
+++ b/t/t4105-apply-fuzz.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ dotest () {
 	test_expect_success "$name" "
 		git checkout-index -f -q -u file &&
 		git apply $* &&
-		diff -u expect file
+		test_cmp expect file
 	"
 }

--- a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
+++ b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ test_description='git apply in reverse
 test_expect_success setup '

 	for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	tr "ijk" '\''\000\001\002'\'' <file1 >file2 &&
+	perl -pe "y/ijk/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&

 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git tag initial &&

 	for i in a b c g h i J K L m o n p q; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	tr "mon" '\''\000\001\002'\'' <file1 >file2 &&
+	perl -pe "y/mon/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&

 	git commit -a -m second &&
 	git tag second &&
--- a/t/t4125-apply-ws-fuzz.sh
+++ b/t/t4125-apply-ws-fuzz.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ test_expect_success nofix '
 	git apply --whitespace=nowarn patch-1 &&

 	# The result should obviously match.
-	diff -u file-1 file
+	test_cmp file-1 file
 '

 test_expect_success 'withfix (forward)' '
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ test_expect_success 'withfix (forward)' '
 	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-0 &&
 	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-1 &&

-	diff -u file-fixed file
+	test_cmp file-fixed file
 '

 test_expect_success 'withfix (backward)' '
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ test_expect_success 'withfix (backward)' '

 	sed -e /h/d file-fixed >fixed-head &&
 	sed -e /h/d file >file-head &&
-	diff -u fixed-head file-head &&
+	test_cmp fixed-head file-head &&

 	sed -n -e /h/p file-fixed >fixed-tail &&
 	sed -n -e /h/p file >file-tail &&

-	! diff -u fixed-tail file-tail
+	! test_cmp fixed-tail file-tail

 '

--- a/t/t4150-am-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am-subdir.sh
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from stdin' '
 	git checkout initial &&
 	git am <patchfile &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '

 test_expect_success 'am regularly from file' '
 	git checkout initial &&
 	git am patchfile &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '

 test_expect_success 'am regularly from stdin in subdirectory' '
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from stdin in subdirectory' '
 		git am <../patchfile
 	) &&
 	git diff master>actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '

 test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory' '
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory' '
 		git am ../patchfile
 	) &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '

 test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory with full path' '
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory with full path' '
 		git am "$P/patchfile"
 	) &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '

 test_done
--- a/t/t4200-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere kicked in' "! grep ======= a1"
 test_expect_success 'rerere prefers first change' 'git diff a1 expect'

 rm $rr/postimage
-echo "$sha1	a1" | tr '\012' '\000' > .git/rr-cache/MERGE_RR
+echo "$sha1	a1" | perl -pe 'y/\012/\000/' > .git/rr-cache/MERGE_RR

 test_expect_success 'rerere clear' 'git rerere clear'

--- a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ A U Thor (5):

 EOF

-test_expect_success 'shortlog wrapping' 'diff -u expect out'
+test_expect_success 'shortlog wrapping' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+git log HEAD > log
+GIT_DIR=non-existing git shortlog -w < log > out
+
+test_expect_success 'shortlog from non-git directory' 'test_cmp expect out'

 test_done
--- a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
    '[index v1] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
    '# this test assumes a delta smaller than 16 bytes at the end of the pack
-     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | tail -n 1 | (
+     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | sed -ne \$p | (
       read delta_offs delta_sha1 &&
       git cat-file blob "$delta_sha1" > blob_1 &&
       chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
    '[index v2] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
    '# this test assumes a delta smaller than 16 bytes at the end of the pack
-     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | tail -n 1 | (
+     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | sed -ne \$p | (
       read delta_offs delta_sha1 delta_crc &&
       git cat-file blob "$delta_sha1" > blob_3 &&
       chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
--- a/t/t5304-prune.sh
+++ b/t/t5304-prune.sh
@@ -29,4 +29,53 @@ test_expect_success 'prune stale packs' '

 '

+test_expect_success 'prune --expire' '
+
+	before=$(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	BLOB=$(echo aleph | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	BLOB_FILE=.git/objects/$(echo $BLOB | sed "s/^../&\//") &&
+	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git prune --expire=1.hour.ago &&
+	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test-chmtime -86500 $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git prune --expire 1.day &&
+	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc: implicit prune --expire' '
+
+	before=$(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	BLOB=$(echo aleph_0 | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	BLOB_FILE=.git/objects/$(echo $BLOB | sed "s/^../&\//") &&
+	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test-chmtime -$((86400*14-30)) $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git gc &&
+	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test-chmtime -$((86400*14+1)) $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git gc &&
+	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc: refuse to start with invalid gc.pruneExpire' '
+
+	git config gc.pruneExpire invalid &&
+	test_must_fail git gc
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc: start with ok gc.pruneExpire' '
+
+	git config gc.pruneExpire 2.days.ago &&
+	git gc
+
+'
+
 test_done
--- a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	cd .. &&
 	git-clone parent child && cd child && git-push --all &&
 	cd ../parent &&
-	git-branch -a >branches && ! grep -q origin/master branches
+	git-branch -a >branches && ! grep origin/master branches
 '

 rewound_push_setup() {
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ setup_repository () {
 tokens_match () {
 	echo "$1" | tr ' ' '\012' | sort | sed -e '/^$/d' >expect &&
 	echo "$2" | tr ' ' '\012' | sort | sed -e '/^$/d' >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 }

 check_remote_track () {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ test_expect_success 'add another remote' '
 	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
 	    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
 	>expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 )
 '

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
 	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
 	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
 	>expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 )
 '

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More