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Merge remote branch 'mingw/master' into devel

Browse Source 
Conflicts:
	Makefile
	commit.c
	compat/mingw.c
	config.c
	environment.c
	http.c

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
This commit is contained in:
Johannes Schindelin
2010-01-28 04:13:14 +01:00
parent d1241ac271 f2cce4c2bc
commit d5ef2b3020
582 changed files with 34763 additions and 6371 deletions
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1
.gitattributes vendored
View File

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
* whitespace=!indent,trail,space
*.[ch] whitespace=indent,trail,space
*.sh whitespace=indent,trail,space

363
.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -1,184 +1,193 @@
GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
GIT-CFLAGS
GIT-GUI-VARS
GIT-VERSION-FILE
git
git-add
git-add--interactive
git-am
git-annotate
git-apply
git-archimport
git-archive
git-bisect
git-bisect--helper
git-blame
git-branch
git-bundle
git-cat-file
git-check-attr
git-check-ref-format
git-checkout
git-checkout-index
git-cherry
git-cherry-pick
git-clean
git-clone
git-commit
git-commit-tree
git-config
git-count-objects
git-cvsexportcommit
git-cvsimport
git-cvsserver
git-daemon
git-diff
git-diff-files
git-diff-index
git-diff-tree
git-difftool
git-difftool--helper
git-describe
git-fast-export
git-fast-import
git-fetch
git-fetch--tool
git-fetch-pack
git-filter-branch
git-fmt-merge-msg
git-for-each-ref
git-format-patch
git-fsck
git-fsck-objects
git-gc
git-get-tar-commit-id
git-grep
git-hash-object
git-help
git-http-fetch
git-http-push
git-imap-send
git-index-pack
git-init
git-init-db
git-instaweb
git-log
git-lost-found
git-ls-files
git-ls-remote
git-ls-tree
git-mailinfo
git-mailsplit
git-merge
git-merge-base
git-merge-index
git-merge-file
git-merge-tree
git-merge-octopus
git-merge-one-file
git-merge-ours
git-merge-recursive
git-merge-resolve
git-merge-subtree
git-mergetool
git-mergetool--lib
git-mktag
git-mktree
git-name-rev
git-mv
git-pack-redundant
git-pack-objects
git-pack-refs
git-parse-remote
git-patch-id
git-peek-remote
git-prune
git-prune-packed
git-pull
git-push
git-quiltimport
git-read-tree
git-rebase
git-rebase--interactive
git-receive-pack
git-reflog
git-relink
git-remote
git-remote-curl
git-repack
git-replace
git-repo-config
git-request-pull
git-rerere
git-reset
git-rev-list
git-rev-parse
git-revert
git-rm
git-send-email
git-send-pack
git-sh-setup
git-shell
git-shortlog
git-show
git-show-branch
git-show-index
git-show-ref
git-stage
git-stash
git-status
git-stripspace
git-submodule
git-svn
git-symbolic-ref
git-tag
git-tar-tree
git-unpack-file
git-unpack-objects
git-update-index
git-update-ref
git-update-server-info
git-upload-archive
git-upload-pack
git-var
git-verify-pack
git-verify-tag
git-web--browse
git-whatchanged
git-write-tree
git-core-*/?*
gitk-wish
gitweb/gitweb.cgi
test-chmtime
test-ctype
test-date
test-delta
test-dump-cache-tree
test-genrandom
test-match-trees
test-parse-options
test-path-utils
test-sha1
test-sigchain
common-cmds.h
/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
/GIT-CFLAGS
/GIT-GUI-VARS
/GIT-VERSION-FILE
/bin-wrappers/
/git
/git-add
/git-add--interactive
/git-am
/git-annotate
/git-apply
/git-archimport
/git-archive
/git-bisect
/git-bisect--helper
/git-blame
/git-branch
/git-bundle
/git-cat-file
/git-check-attr
/git-check-ref-format
/git-checkout
/git-checkout-index
/git-cherry
/git-cherry-pick
/git-clean
/git-clone
/git-commit
/git-commit-tree
/git-config
/git-count-objects
/git-cvsexportcommit
/git-cvsimport
/git-cvsserver
/git-daemon
/git-diff
/git-diff-files
/git-diff-index
/git-diff-tree
/git-difftool
/git-difftool--helper
/git-describe
/git-fast-export
/git-fast-import
/git-fetch
/git-fetch--tool
/git-fetch-pack
/git-filter-branch
/git-fmt-merge-msg
/git-for-each-ref
/git-format-patch
/git-fsck
/git-fsck-objects
/git-gc
/git-get-tar-commit-id
/git-grep
/git-hash-object
/git-help
/git-http-backend
/git-http-fetch
/git-http-push
/git-imap-send
/git-index-pack
/git-init
/git-init-db
/git-instaweb
/git-log
/git-lost-found
/git-ls-files
/git-ls-remote
/git-ls-tree
/git-mailinfo
/git-mailsplit
/git-merge
/git-merge-base
/git-merge-index
/git-merge-file
/git-merge-tree
/git-merge-octopus
/git-merge-one-file
/git-merge-ours
/git-merge-recursive
/git-merge-resolve
/git-merge-subtree
/git-mergetool
/git-mergetool--lib
/git-mktag
/git-mktree
/git-name-rev
/git-mv
/git-notes
/git-pack-redundant
/git-pack-objects
/git-pack-refs
/git-parse-remote
/git-patch-id
/git-peek-remote
/git-prune
/git-prune-packed
/git-pull
/git-push
/git-quiltimport
/git-read-tree
/git-rebase
/git-rebase--interactive
/git-receive-pack
/git-reflog
/git-relink
/git-remote
/git-remote-curl
/git-remote-http
/git-remote-https
/git-remote-ftp
/git-remote-ftps
/git-repack
/git-replace
/git-repo-config
/git-request-pull
/git-rerere
/git-reset
/git-rev-list
/git-rev-parse
/git-revert
/git-rm
/git-send-email
/git-send-pack
/git-sh-setup
/git-shell
/git-shortlog
/git-show
/git-show-branch
/git-show-index
/git-show-ref
/git-stage
/git-stash
/git-status
/git-stripspace
/git-submodule
/git-svn
/git-symbolic-ref
/git-tag
/git-tar-tree
/git-unpack-file
/git-unpack-objects
/git-update-index
/git-update-ref
/git-update-server-info
/git-upload-archive
/git-upload-pack
/git-var
/git-verify-pack
/git-verify-tag
/git-web--browse
/git-whatchanged
/git-write-tree
/git-core-*/?*
/gitk-git/gitk-wish
/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
/test-chmtime
/test-ctype
/test-date
/test-delta
/test-dump-cache-tree
/test-genrandom
/test-index-version
/test-match-trees
/test-parse-options
/test-path-utils
/test-sha1
/test-sigchain
/common-cmds.h
*.tar.gz
*.dsc
*.deb
git.spec
/git.spec
*.exe
*.[aos]
*.py[co]
config.mak
autom4te.cache
config.cache
config.log
config.status
config.mak.autogen
config.mak.append
configure
tags
TAGS
cscope*
*+
/config.mak
/autom4te.cache
/config.cache
/config.log
/config.status
/config.mak.autogen
/config.mak.append
/configure
/tags
/TAGS
/cscope*
*.obj
*.lib
*.sln
@@ -188,5 +197,5 @@ cscope*
*.user
*.idb
*.pdb
Debug/
Release/
/Debug/
/Release/

25
COPYING
View File

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
@@ -324,10 +324,9 @@ the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
@@ -357,5 +356,5 @@ necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

1
Documentation/.gitignore vendored
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@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ gitman.info
howto-index.txt
doc.dep
cmds-*.txt
manpage-base-url.xsl

30
Documentation/Makefile
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@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML)
ARTICLES = howto-index
ARTICLES += everyday
ARTICLES += git-tools
ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009
# with their own formatting rules.
SP_ARTICLES = howto/revert-branch-rebase howto/using-merge-subtree user-manual
API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt)))
@@ -103,6 +104,25 @@ ifdef DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP
XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-suppress-sp.xsl
endif
# Newer DocBook stylesheet emits warning cruft in the output when
# this is not set, and if set it shows an absolute link. Older
# stylesheets simply ignore this parameter.
#
# Distros may want to use MAN_BASE_URL=file:///path/to/git/docs/
# or similar.
ifndef MAN_BASE_URL
MAN_BASE_URL = file://$(htmldir)/
endif
XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-base-url.xsl
# If your target system uses GNU groff, it may try to render
# apostrophes as a "pretty" apostrophe using unicode. This breaks
# cut&paste, so you should set GNU_ROFF to force them to be ASCII
# apostrophes. Unfortunately does not work with non-GNU roff.
ifdef GNU_ROFF
XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-quote-apos.xsl
endif
SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
# Shell quote;
SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
@@ -184,7 +204,7 @@ install-pdf: pdf
install-html: html
'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
../GIT-VERSION-FILE: .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE
../GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../ $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) GIT-VERSION-FILE
-include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
@@ -222,6 +242,7 @@ clean:
$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
$(RM) technical/api-*.html technical/api-index.txt
$(RM) $(cmds_txt) *.made
$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
@@ -229,7 +250,10 @@ $(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
mv $@+ $@
%.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml
manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
sed "s|@@MAN_BASE_URL@@|$(MAN_BASE_URL)|" $< > $@
%.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml manpage-base-url.xsl
$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
@@ -313,4 +337,4 @@ quick-install-man:
quick-install-html:
'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REF) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
.PHONY: .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE
.PHONY: FORCE

19
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
GIT v1.6.5.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.1
--------------------
* Installation of templates triggered a bug in busybox when using tar
implementation from it.
* "git add -i" incorrectly ignored paths that are already in the index
if they matched .gitignore patterns.
* "git describe --always" should have produced some output even there
were no tags in the repository, but it didn't.
* "git ls-files" when showing tracked files incorrectly paid attention
to the exclude patterns.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

63
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
Git v1.6.5.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.2
--------------------
* info/grafts file didn't ignore trailing CR at the end of lines.
* Packages generated on newer FC were unreadable by older versions of
RPM as the new default is to use stronger hash.
* output from "git blame" was unreadable when the file ended in an
incomplete line.
* "git add -i/-p" didn't handle deletion of empty files correctly.
* "git clone" takes up to two parameters, but did not complain when
given more arguments than necessary and silently ignored them.
* "git cvsimport" did not read files given as command line arguments
correctly when it is run from a subdirectory.
* "git diff --color-words -U0" didn't work correctly.
* The handling of blank lines at the end of file by "git diff/apply
--whitespace" was inconsistent with the other kinds of errors.
They are now colored, warned against, and fixed the same way as others.
* There was no way to allow blank lines at the end of file without
allowing extra blanks at the end of lines. You can use blank-at-eof
and blank-at-eol whitespace error class to specify them separately.
The old trailing-space error class is now a short-hand to set both.
* "-p" option to "git format-patch" was supposed to suppress diffstat
generation, but it was broken since 1.6.1.
* "git imap-send" did not compile cleanly with newer OpenSSL.
* "git help -a" outside of a git repository was broken.
* "git ls-files -i" was supposed to be inverse of "git ls-files" without -i
with respect to exclude patterns, but it was broken since 1.6.5.2.
* "git ls-remote" outside of a git repository over http was broken.
* "git rebase -i" gave bogus error message when the command word was
misspelled.
* "git receive-pack" that is run in response to "git push" did not run
garbage collection nor update-server-info, but in larger hosting sites,
these almost always need to be run. To help site administrators, the
command now runs "gc --auto" and "u-s-i" by setting receive.autogc
and receive.updateserverinfo configuration variables, respectively.
* Release notes spelled the package name with incorrect capitalization.
* "gitweb" did not escape non-ascii characters correctly in the URL.
* "gitweb" showed "patch" link even for merge commits.
* "gitweb" showed incorrect links for blob line numbers in pathinfo mode.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

32
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
Git v1.6.5.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.3
--------------------
* "git help" (without argument) used to check if you are in a directory
under git control. There was no breakage in behaviour per-se, but this
was unnecessary.
* "git prune-packed" gave progress output even when its standard error is
not connected to a terminal; this caused cron jobs that run it to
produce crufts.
* "git pack-objects --all-progress" is an option to ask progress output
from write-object phase _if_ progress output were to be produced, and
shouldn't have forced the progress output.
* "git apply -p<n> --directory=<elsewhere>" did not work well for a
non-default value of n.
* "git merge foo HEAD" was misparsed as an old-style invocation of the
command and produced a confusing error message. As it does not specify
any other branch to merge, it shouldn't be mistaken as such. We will
remove the old style "git merge <message> HEAD <commit>..." syntax in
future versions, but not in this release,
* "git merge -m <message> <branch>..." added the standard merge message
on its own after user-supplied message, which should have overrided the
standard one.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

49
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.5.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
Git v1.6.5.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.4
--------------------
* Manual pages can be formatted with older xmlto again.
* GREP_OPTIONS exported from user's environment could have broken
our scripted commands.
* In configuration files, a few variables that name paths can begin with
~/ and ~username/ and they are expanded as expected. This is not a
bugfix but 1.6.6 will have this and without backporting users cannot
easily use the same ~/.gitconfig across versions.
* "git diff -B -M" did the same computation to hash lines of contents
twice, and held onto memory after it has used the data in it
unnecessarily before it freed.
* "git diff -B" and "git diff --dirstat" was not counting newly added
contents correctly.
* "git format-patch revisions... -- path" issued an incorrect error
message that suggested to use "--" on the command line when path
does not exist in the current work tree (it is a separate matter if
it makes sense to limit format-patch with pathspecs like that
without using the --full-diff option).
* "git grep -F -i StRiNg" did not work as expected.
* Enumeration of available merge strategies iterated over the list of
commands in a wrong way, sometimes producing an incorrect result.
* "git shortlog" did not honor the "encoding" header embedded in the
commit object like "git log" did.
* Reading progress messages that come from the remote side while running
"git pull" is given precedence over reading the actual pack data to
prevent garbled progress message on the user's terminal.
* "git rebase" got confused when the log message began with certain
strings that looked like Subject:, Date: or From: header.
* "git reset" accidentally run in .git/ directory checked out the
work tree contents in there.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

23
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.6.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
Git v1.6.5.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.5
--------------------
* "git add -p" had a regression since v1.6.5.3 that broke deletion of
non-empty files.
* "git archive -o o.zip -- Makefile" produced an archive in o.zip
but in POSIX tar format.
* Error message given to "git pull --rebase" when the user didn't give
enough clue as to what branch to integrate with still talked about
"merging with" the branch.
* Error messages given by "git merge" when the merge resulted in a
fast-forward still were in plumbing lingo, even though in v1.6.5
we reworded messages in other cases.
* The post-upload-hook run by upload-pack in response to "git fetch" has
been removed, due to security concerns (the hook first appeared in
1.6.5).

19
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
Git v1.6.5.7 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.6
--------------------
* If a user specifies a color for a <slot> (i.e. a class of things to show
in a particular color) that is known only by newer versions of git
(e.g. "color.diff.func" was recently added for upcoming 1.6.6 release),
an older version of git should just ignore them. Instead we diagnosed
it as an error.
* With help.autocorrect set to non-zero value, the logic to guess typoes
in the subcommand name misfired and ran a random nonsense command.
* If a command is run with an absolute path as a pathspec inside a bare
repository, e.g. "rev-list HEAD -- /home", the code tried to run
strlen() on NULL, which is the result of get_git_work_tree(), and
segfaulted.

28
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.8.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
Git v1.6.5.8 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.7
--------------------
* "git count-objects" did not handle packfiles that are bigger than 4G on
platforms with 32-bit off_t.
* "git rebase -i" did not abort cleanly if it failed to launch the editor.
* "git blame" did not work well when commit lacked the author name.
* "git fast-import" choked when handling a tag that points at an object
that is not a commit.
* "git reset --hard" did not work correctly when GIT_WORK_TREE environment
variable is used to point at the root of the true work tree.
* "git grep" fed a buffer that is not NUL-terminated to underlying
regexec().
* "git checkout -m other" while on a branch that does not have any commit
segfaulted, instead of failing.
* "git branch -a other" should have diagnosed the command as an error.
Other minor documentation updates are also included.

37
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.1.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
Git v1.6.6.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.6
------------------
* "git blame" did not work well when commit lacked the author name.
* "git branch -a name" wasn't diagnosed as an error.
* "git count-objects" did not handle packfiles that are bigger than 4G on
platforms with 32-bit off_t.
* "git checkout -m other" while on a branch that does not have any commit
segfaulted, instead of failing.
* "git fast-import" choked when fed a tag that do not point at a
commit.
* "git grep" finding from work tree files could have fed garbage to
the underlying regexec(3).
* "git grep -L" didn't show empty files (they should never match, and
they should always appear in -L output as unmatching).
* "git rebase -i" did not abort cleanly if it failed to launch the editor.
* "git reset --hard" did not work correctly when GIT_WORK_TREE environment
variable is used to point at the root of the true work tree.
* http-backend was not listed in the command list in the documentation.
* Building on FreeBSD (both 7 and 8) needs OLD_ICONV set in the Makefile
* "git checkout -m some-branch" while on an unborn branch crashed.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

224
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
Git v1.6.6 Release Notes
========================
Notes on behaviour change
-------------------------
* In this release, "git fsck" defaults to "git fsck --full" and
checks packfiles, and because of this it will take much longer to
complete than before. If you prefer a quicker check only on loose
objects (the old default), you can say "git fsck --no-full". This
has been supported by 1.5.4 and newer versions of git, so it is
safe to write it in your script even if you use slightly older git
on some of your machines.
Preparing yourselves for compatibility issues in 1.7.0
------------------------------------------------------
In git 1.7.0, which is planned to be the release after 1.6.6, there will
be a handful of behaviour changes that will break backward compatibility.
These changes were discussed long time ago and existing behaviours have
been identified as more problematic to the userbase than keeping them for
the sake of backward compatibility.
When necessary, a transition strategy for existing users has been designed
not to force them running around setting configuration variables and
updating their scripts in order to either keep the traditional behaviour
or adjust to the new behaviour, on the day their sysadmin decides to install
the new version of git. When we switched from "git-foo" to "git foo" in
1.6.0, even though the change had been advertised and the transition
guide had been provided for a very long time, the users procrastinated
during the entire transtion period, and ended up panicking on the day
their sysadmins updated their git installation. We are trying to avoid
repeating that unpleasantness in the 1.7.0 release.
For changes decided to be in 1.7.0, commands that will be affected
have been much louder to strongly discourage such procrastination, and
they continue to be in this release. If you have been using recent
versions of git, you would have seen warnings issued when you used
features whose behaviour will change, with a clear instruction on how
to keep the existing behaviour if you want to. You hopefully are
already well prepared.
Of course, we have also been giving "this and that will change in
1.7.0; prepare yourselves" warnings in the release notes and
announcement messages for the past few releases. Let's see how well
users will fare this time.
* "git push" into a branch that is currently checked out (i.e. pointed by
HEAD in a repository that is not bare) will be refused by default.
Similarly, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch $killed
in a remote repository $there, when $killed branch is the current
branch pointed at by its HEAD, will be refused by default.
Setting the configuration variables receive.denyCurrentBranch and
receive.denyDeleteCurrent to 'ignore' in the receiving repository
can be used to override these safety features. Versions of git
since 1.6.2 have issued a loud warning when you tried to do these
operations without setting the configuration, so repositories of
people who still need to be able to perform such a push should
already have been future proofed.
Please refer to:
http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
transition process that already took place so far.
* "git send-email" will not make deep threads by default when sending a
patch series with more than two messages. All messages will be sent
as a reply to the first message, i.e. cover letter. Git 1.6.6 (this
release) will issue a warning about the upcoming default change, when
it uses the traditional "deep threading" behaviour as the built-in
default. To squelch the warning but still use the "deep threading"
behaviour, give --chain-reply-to option or set sendemail.chainreplyto
to true.
It has been possible to configure send-email to send "shallow thread"
by setting sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to false.
The only thing 1.7.0 release will do is to change the default when
you haven't configured that variable.
* "git status" will not be "git commit --dry-run". This change does not
affect you if you run the command without pathspec.
Nobody sane found the current behaviour of "git status Makefile" useful
nor meaningful, and it confused users. "git commit --dry-run" has been
provided as a way to get the current behaviour of this command since
1.6.5.
* "git diff" traditionally treated various "ignore whitespace" options
only as a way to filter the patch output. "git diff --exit-code -b"
exited with non-zero status even if all changes were about changing the
ammount of whitespace and nothing else. and "git diff -b" showed the
"diff --git" header line for such a change without patch text.
In 1.7.0, the "ignore whitespaces" will affect the semantics of the
diff operation itself. A change that does not affect anything but
whitespaces will be reported with zero exit status when run with
--exit-code, and there will not be "diff --git" header for such a
change.
Updates since v1.6.5
--------------------
(subsystems)
* various gitk updates including use of themed widgets under Tk 8.5,
Japanese translation, a fix to a bug when running "gui blame" from
a subdirectory, etc.
* various git-gui updates including new translations, wm states fixes,
Tk bug workaround after quitting, improved heuristics to trigger gc,
etc.
* various git-svn updates.
* "git fetch" over http learned a new mode that is different from the
traditional "dumb commit walker".
(portability)
* imap-send can be built on mingw port.
(performance)
* "git diff -B" has smaller memory footprint.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* The object replace mechanism can be bypassed with --no-replace-objects
global option given to the "git" program.
* In configuration files, a few variables that name paths can begin with ~/
and ~username/ and they are expanded as expected.
* "git subcmd -h" now shows short usage help for many more subcommands.
* "git bisect reset" can reset to an arbitrary commit.
* "git checkout frotz" when there is no local branch "frotz" but there
is only one remote tracking branch "frotz" is taken as a request to
start the named branch at the corresponding remote tracking branch.
* "git commit -c/-C/--amend" can be told with a new "--reset-author" option
to ignore authorship information in the commit it is taking the message
from.
* "git describe" can be told to add "-dirty" suffix with "--dirty" option.
* "git diff" learned --submodule option to show a list of one-line logs
instead of differences between the commit object names.
* "git diff" learned to honor diff.color.func configuration to paint
function name hint printed on the hunk header "@@ -j,k +l,m @@" line
in the specified color.
* "git fetch" learned --all and --multiple options, to run fetch from
many repositories, and --prune option to remove remote tracking
branches that went stale. These make "git remote update" and "git
remote prune" less necessary (there is no plan to remove "remote
update" nor "remote prune", though).
* "git fsck" by default checks the packfiles (i.e. "--full" is the
default); you can turn it off with "git fsck --no-full".
* "git grep" can use -F (fixed strings) and -i (ignore case) together.
* import-tars contributed fast-import frontend learned more types of
compressed tarballs.
* "git instaweb" knows how to talk with mod_cgid to apache2.
* "git log --decorate" shows the location of HEAD as well.
* "git log" and "git rev-list" learned to take revs and pathspecs from
the standard input with the new "--stdin" option.
* "--pretty=format" option to "log" family of commands learned:
. to wrap text with the "%w()" specifier.
. to show reflog information with "%g[sdD]" specifier.
* "git notes" command to annotate existing commits.
* "git merge" (and "git pull") learned --ff-only option to make it fail
if the merge does not result in a fast-forward.
* "git mergetool" learned to use p4merge.
* "git rebase -i" learned "reword" that acts like "edit" but immediately
starts an editor to tweak the log message without returning control to
the shell, which is done by "edit" to give an opportunity to tweak the
contents.
* "git send-email" can be told with "--envelope-sender=auto" to use the
same address as "From:" address as the envelope sender address.
* "git send-email" will issue a warning when it defaults to the
--chain-reply-to behaviour without being told by the user and
instructs to prepare for the change of the default in 1.7.0 release.
* In "git submodule add <repository> <path>", <path> is now optional and
inferred from <repository> the same way "git clone <repository>" does.
* "git svn" learned to read SVN 1.5+ and SVK merge tickets.
* "git svn" learned to recreate empty directories tracked only by SVN.
* "gitweb" can optionally render its "blame" output incrementally (this
requires JavaScript on the client side).
* Author names shown in gitweb output are links to search commits by the
author.
Fixes since v1.6.5
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.6.5.X maintenance series are included in this
release, unless otherwise noted.

191
Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
Git v1.7.0 Release Notes
========================
Notes on behaviour change
-------------------------
* "git push" into a branch that is currently checked out (i.e. pointed by
HEAD in a repository that is not bare) is refused by default.
Similarly, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch $killed
in a remote repository $there, when $killed branch is the current
branch pointed at by its HEAD, will be refused by default.
Setting the configuration variables receive.denyCurrentBranch and
receive.denyDeleteCurrent to 'ignore' in the receiving repository
can be used to override these safety features.
* "git send-email" does not make deep threads by default when sending a
patch series with more than two messages. All messages will be sent
as a reply to the first message, i.e. cover letter.
It has been possible to configure send-email to send "shallow thread"
by setting sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to false. The
only thing this release does is to change the default when you haven't
configured that variable.
* "git status" is not "git commit --dry-run" anymore. This change does
not affect you if you run the command without pathspec.
* "git diff" traditionally treated various "ignore whitespace" options
only as a way to filter the patch output. "git diff --exit-code -b"
exited with non-zero status even if all changes were about changing the
ammount of whitespace and nothing else. and "git diff -b" showed the
"diff --git" header line for such a change without patch text.
In this release, the "ignore whitespaces" options affect the semantics
of the diff operation. A change that does not affect anything but
whitespaces is reported with zero exit status when run with
--exit-code, and there is no "diff --git" header for such a change.
Updates since v1.6.6
--------------------
(subsystems)
* "git fast-import" updates; adds "option" and "feature" to detect the
mismatch between fast-import and the frontends that produce the input
stream.
(portability)
* Some more MSVC portability patches for msysgit port.
* Minimum Pthreads emulation for msysgit port.
(performance)
* More performance improvement patches for msysgit port.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* More commands learned "--quiet" and "--[no-]progress" options.
* Various commands given by the end user (e.g. diff.type.textconv,
and GIT_EDITOR) can be specified with command line arguments. E.g. it
is now possible to say "[diff "utf8doc"] textconv = nkf -w".
* "sparse checkout" feature allows only part of the work tree to be
checked out.
* HTTP transfer can use authentication scheme other than basic
(i.e./e.g. digest).
* Switching from a version of superproject that used to have a submodule
to another version of superproject that no longer has it did not remove
the submodule directory when it should (namely, when you are not
interested in the submodule at all and didn't clone/checkout).
* A new attribute conflict-marker-size can be used to change the size of
the conflict markers from the default 7; this is useful when tracked
contents (e.g. git-merge documentation) have strings that resemble the
conflict markers.
* A new syntax "<branch>@{upstream}" can be used on the command line to
substitute the name of the "upstream" of the branch. Missing branch
defaults to the current branch, so "git fetch && git merge @{upstream}"
will be equivalent to "git pull".
* "git branch --set-upstream" can be used to update the (surprise!) upstream
i.e. where the branch is supposed to pull and merge from (or rebase onto).
* "git checkout A...B" is a way to detach HEAD at the merge base between
A and B.
* "git checkout -m path" to reset the work tree file back into the
conflicted state works even when you already ran "git add path" and
resolved the conflicts.
* "git commit --date='<date>'" can be used to override the author date
just like "git commit --author='<name> <email>'" can be used to
override the author identity.
* "git commit --no-status" can be used to omit the listing of the index
and the work tree status in the editor used to prepare the log message.
* "git commit" warns a bit more aggressively until you configure user.email,
whose default value almost always is not (and fundamentally cannot be)
what you want.
* "git difftool" has been extended to make it easier to integrate it
with gitk.
* "git fetch --all" can now be used in place of "git remote update".
* "git grep" does not rely on external grep anymore.
* "git grep" learned "--no-index" option, to search inside contents that
are not managed by git.
* "git log" and friends learned "--glob=heads/*" syntax that is a more
flexible way to complement "--branches/--tags/--remotes".
* "git merge" learned to pass options specific to strategy-backends. E.g.
- "git merge -Xsubtree=path/to/directory" can be used to tell the subtree
strategy how much to shift the trees explicitly.
- "git merge -Xtheirs" can be used to auto-merge as much as possible,
while discarding your own changes and taking merged version in
conflicted regions.
* "git push" learned "git push origin --delete branch", a syntactic sugar
for "git push origin :branch".
* "git push" learned "git push --set-upstream origin forker:forkee" that
lets you configure your "forker" branch to later pull from "forkee"
branch at "origin".
* "git rebase --onto A...B" means the history is replayed on top of the
merge base between A and B.
* "git rebase -i" learned new action "fixup", that squashes the change
but does not affect existing log message.
* "git rebase -i" also learned --autosquash option, that is useful
together with the new "fixup" action.
* "git remote" learned set-url subcommand, to update (surprise!) url
for an existing remote nickname.
* "git rerere" learned "forget path" subcommand. Together with "git
checkout -m path" it will be useful when you recorded a wrong
resolution.
* Use of "git reset --merge" has become easier when resetting away a
conflicted mess left in the work tree.
* "git rerere" had rerere.autoupdate configuration but there was no way
to countermand it from the command line; --no-rerere-autoupdate option
given to "merge", "revert", etc. fixes this.
* "git status" learned "-s(hort)" output format.
(developers)
* The infrastructure to build foreign SCM interface has been updated.
* Many more commands are now built-in.
Fixes since v1.6.6
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.6.6.X maintenance series are included in this
release, unless otherwise noted.
* "git branch -d branch" used to refuse deleting the branch even when
the branch is fully merged to its upstream branch if it is not merged
to the current branch. It now deletes it in such a case.
* When "git diff" is asked to compare the work tree with something,
it used to consider that a checked-out submodule with uncommitted
changes is not modified; this could cause people to forget committing
these changes in the submodule before committing in the superproject.
It now considers such a change as a modification.
--
exec >/var/tmp/1
O=v1.6.6.1-434-g3521c1b
echo O=$(git describe master)
git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint

14
Documentation/SubmittingPatches
View File

@@ -279,6 +279,20 @@ from the list and queue it to 'pu', in order to make it easier for
people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to
their trees themselves.
------------------------------------------------
Know the status of your patch after submission
* You can use Git itself to find out when your patch is merged in
master. 'git pull --rebase' will automatically skip already-applied
patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top
of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not
tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
master).
* Read the git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
the status of various proposed changes.
------------------------------------------------
MUA specific hints

6
Documentation/blame-options.txt
View File

@@ -98,8 +98,10 @@ commit.
files that were modified in the same commit. This is
useful when you reorganize your program and move code
around across files. When this option is given twice,
the command additionally looks for copies from all other
files in the parent for the commit that creates the file.
the command additionally looks for copies from other
files in the commit that creates the file. When this
option is given three times, the command additionally
looks for copies from other files in any commit.
+
<num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving

253
Documentation/config.txt
View File

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ The values following the equals sign in variable assign are all either
a string, an integer, or a boolean. Boolean values may be given as yes/no,
0/1, true/false or on/off. Case is not significant in boolean values, when
converting value to the canonical form using '--bool' type specifier;
'git-config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false".
'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false".
String values may be entirely or partially enclosed in double quotes.
You need to enclose variable values in double quotes if you want to
@@ -126,12 +126,28 @@ advice.*::
Directions on how to stage/unstage/add shown in the
output of linkgit:git-status[1] and the template shown
when writing commit messages. Default: true.
commitBeforeMerge::
Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
merge to avoid overwritting local changes.
Default: true.
resolveConflict::
Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
prevent the operation from being performed.
Default: true.
implicitIdentity::
Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
your information is guessed from the system username and
domain name. Default: true.
--
core.fileMode::
If false, the executable bit differences between the index and
the working copy are ignored; useful on broken filesystems like FAT.
See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
+
The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the
repository is created.
core.hideDotFiles::
(Windows-only) If true (which is the default), mark newly-created
@@ -150,6 +166,18 @@ core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks::
is true, in which case ignoreCygwinFSTricks is ignored as Cygwin's
POSIX emulation is required to support core.filemode.
core.ignorecase::
If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable
git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds
"makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume
it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
"Makefile".
+
The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository
is created.
core.trustctime::
If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
working copy are ignored; useful when the inode change time
@@ -175,9 +203,10 @@ core.autocrlf::
writing to the filesystem. The variable can be set to
'input', in which case the conversion happens only while
reading from the filesystem but files are written out with
`LF` at the end of lines. Currently, which paths to consider
"text" (i.e. be subjected to the autocrlf mechanism) is
decided purely based on the contents.
`LF` at the end of lines. A file is considered
"text" (i.e. be subjected to the autocrlf mechanism) based on
the file's `crlf` attribute, or if `crlf` is unspecified,
based on the file's contents. See linkgit:gitattributes[5].
core.safecrlf::
If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` as controlled by
@@ -229,7 +258,11 @@ core.symlinks::
contain the link text. linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
linkgit:git-add[1] will not change the recorded type to regular
file. Useful on filesystems like FAT that do not support
symbolic links. True by default.
symbolic links.
+
The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
will probe and set core.symlinks false if appropriate when the repository
is created.
core.gitProxy::
A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
@@ -278,17 +311,24 @@ false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare
= true).
core.worktree::
Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
used in combination with repositories found automatically in
a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
Set the path to the root of the work tree.
This can be overridden by the GIT_WORK_TREE environment
variable and the '--work-tree' command line option. It can be
a absolute path or relative path to the directory specified by
--git-dir or GIT_DIR.
Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
an absolute path or a relative path to the .git directory,
either specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR, or automatically
discovered.
If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
the current working directory is regarded as the top directory
of your working tree.
the current working directory is regarded as the root of the
work tree.
+
Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory, and its value differs
from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
misconfiguration. Running git commands in "/path/to" directory will
still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
great confusion to the users.
core.logAllRefUpdates::
Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
@@ -386,16 +426,15 @@ Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
core.excludesfile::
In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
of files which are not meant to be tracked. See
linkgit:gitignore[5].
of files which are not meant to be tracked. "{tilde}/" is expanded
to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the specified user's
home directory. See linkgit:gitignore[5].
core.editor::
Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
messages by launching an editor uses the value of this
variable when it is set, and the environment variable
`GIT_EDITOR` is not set. The order of preference is
`GIT_EDITOR` environment, `core.editor`, `VISUAL` and
`EDITOR` environment variables and then finally `vi`.
`GIT_EDITOR` is not set. See linkgit:git-var[1].
core.pager::
The command that git will use to paginate output. Can
@@ -417,18 +456,22 @@ core.pager::
core.whitespace::
A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
notice. 'git-diff' will use `color.diff.whitespace` to
highlight them, and 'git-apply --whitespace=error' will
notice. 'git diff' will use `color.diff.whitespace` to
highlight them, and 'git apply --whitespace=error' will
consider them as errors. You can prefix `-` to disable
any of them (e.g. `-trailing-space`):
+
* `trailing-space` treats trailing whitespaces at the end of the line
* `blank-at-eol` treats trailing whitespaces at the end of the line
as an error (enabled by default).
* `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately
before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an
error (enabled by default).
* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with 8 or more
space characters as an error (not enabled by default).
* `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error
(enabled by default).
* `trailing-space` is a short-hand to cover both `blank-at-eol` and
`blank-at-eof`.
* `cr-at-eol` treats a carriage-return at the end of line as
part of the line terminator, i.e. with it, `trailing-space`
does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
@@ -460,8 +503,25 @@ On some file system/operating system combinations, this is unreliable.
Set this config setting to 'rename' there; However, This will remove the
check that makes sure that existing object files will not get overwritten.
core.notesRef::
When showing commit messages, also show notes which are stored in
the given ref. This ref is expected to contain files named
after the full SHA-1 of the commit they annotate.
+
If such a file exists in the given ref, the referenced blob is read, and
appended to the commit message, separated by a "Notes:" line. If the
given ref itself does not exist, it is not an error, but means that no
notes should be printed.
+
This setting defaults to "refs/notes/commits", and can be overridden by
the `GIT_NOTES_REF` environment variable.
core.sparseCheckout::
Enable "sparse checkout" feature. See section "Sparse checkout" in
linkgit:git-read-tree[1] for more information.
add.ignore-errors::
Tells 'git-add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors'
option of linkgit:git-add[1].
@@ -483,19 +543,19 @@ executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
not necessarily be the current directory.
apply.ignorewhitespace::
When set to 'change', tells 'git-apply' to ignore changes in
When set to 'change', tells 'git apply' to ignore changes in
whitespace, in the same way as the '--ignore-space-change'
option.
When set to one of: no, none, never, false tells 'git-apply' to
When set to one of: no, none, never, false tells 'git apply' to
respect all whitespace differences.
See linkgit:git-apply[1].
apply.whitespace::
Tells 'git-apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
as the '--whitespace' option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
branch.autosetupmerge::
Tells 'git-branch' and 'git-checkout' to setup new branches
Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches
so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the
starting point branch. Note that even if this option is not set,
this behavior can be chosen per-branch using the `--track`
@@ -506,7 +566,7 @@ branch.autosetupmerge::
branch. This option defaults to true.
branch.autosetuprebase::
When a new branch is created with 'git-branch' or 'git-checkout'
When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set
up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
@@ -521,24 +581,24 @@ branch.autosetuprebase::
This option defaults to never.
branch.<name>.remote::
When in branch <name>, it tells 'git-fetch' and 'git-push' which
When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push' which
remote to fetch from/push to. It defaults to `origin` if no remote is
configured. `origin` is also used if you are not on any branch.
branch.<name>.merge::
Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
for the given branch. It tells 'git-fetch'/'git-pull' which
branch to merge and can also affect 'git-push' (see push.default).
When in branch <name>, it tells 'git-fetch' the default
for the given branch. It tells 'git fetch'/'git pull' which
branch to merge and can also affect 'git push' (see push.default).
When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' the default
refspec to be marked for merging in FETCH_HEAD. The value is
handled like the remote part of a refspec, and must match a
ref which is fetched from the remote given by
"branch.<name>.remote".
The merge information is used by 'git-pull' (which at first calls
'git-fetch') to lookup the default branch for merging. Without
this option, 'git-pull' defaults to merge the first refspec fetched.
The merge information is used by 'git pull' (which at first calls
'git fetch') to lookup the default branch for merging. Without
this option, 'git pull' defaults to merge the first refspec fetched.
Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge.
If you wish to setup 'git-pull' so that it merges into <name> from
If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from
another branch in the local repository, you can point
branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the special setting
`.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
@@ -600,24 +660,16 @@ color.diff.<slot>::
Use customized color for diff colorization. `<slot>` specifies
which part of the patch to use the specified color, and is one
of `plain` (context text), `meta` (metainformation), `frag`
(hunk header), `old` (removed lines), `new` (added lines),
`commit` (commit headers), or `whitespace` (highlighting
whitespace errors). The values of these variables may be specified as
in color.branch.<slot>.
(hunk header), 'func' (function in hunk header), `old` (removed lines),
`new` (added lines), `commit` (commit headers), or `whitespace`
(highlighting whitespace errors). The values of these variables may be
specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
color.grep::
When set to `always`, always highlight matches. When `false` (or
`never`), never. When set to `true` or `auto`, use color only
when the output is written to the terminal. Defaults to `false`.
color.grep.external::
The string value of this variable is passed to an external 'grep'
command as a command line option if match highlighting is turned
on. If set to an empty string, no option is passed at all,
turning off coloring for external 'grep' calls; this is the default.
For GNU grep, set it to `--color=always` to highlight matches even
when a pager is used.
color.grep.match::
Use customized color for matches. The value of this variable
may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>. It is passed using
@@ -631,7 +683,7 @@ color.interactive::
colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false.
color.interactive.<slot>::
Use customized color for 'git-add --interactive'
Use customized color for 'git add --interactive'
output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for
four distinct types of normal output from interactive
commands. The values of these variables may be specified as
@@ -670,18 +722,25 @@ color.ui::
terminal. When more specific variables of color.* are set, they always
take precedence over this setting. Defaults to false.
commit.status::
A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
message. Defaults to true.
commit.template::
Specify a file to use as the template for new commit messages.
"{tilde}/" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the
specified user's home directory.
diff.autorefreshindex::
When using 'git-diff' to compare with work tree
When using 'git diff' to compare with work tree
files, do not consider stat-only change as changed.
Instead, silently run `git update-index --refresh` to
update the cached stat information for paths whose
contents in the work tree match the contents in the
index. This option defaults to true. Note that this
affects only 'git-diff' Porcelain, and not lower level
'diff' commands, such as 'git-diff-files'.
affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level
'diff' commands such as 'git diff-files'.
diff.external::
If this config variable is set, diff generation is not
@@ -693,24 +752,24 @@ diff.external::
your files, you might want to use linkgit:gitattributes[5] instead.
diff.mnemonicprefix::
If set, 'git-diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the
If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the
standard "a/" and "b/" depending on what is being compared. When
this configuration is in effect, reverse diff output also swaps
the order of the prefixes:
'git-diff';;
`git diff`;;
compares the (i)ndex and the (w)ork tree;
'git-diff HEAD';;
`git diff HEAD`;;
compares a (c)ommit and the (w)ork tree;
'git diff --cached';;
`git diff --cached`;;
compares a (c)ommit and the (i)ndex;
'git-diff HEAD:file1 file2';;
`git diff HEAD:file1 file2`;;
compares an (o)bject and a (w)ork tree entity;
'git diff --no-index a b';;
`git diff --no-index a b`;;
compares two non-git things (1) and (2).
diff.renameLimit::
The number of files to consider when performing the copy/rename
detection; equivalent to the 'git-diff' option '-l'.
detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'.
diff.renames::
Tells git to detect renames. If set to any boolean value, it
@@ -796,9 +855,9 @@ format.pretty::
linkgit:git-whatchanged[1].
format.thread::
The default threading style for 'git-format-patch'. Can be
either a boolean value, `shallow` or `deep`. `shallow`
threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the series,
The default threading style for 'git format-patch'. Can be
a boolean value, or `shallow` or `deep`. `shallow` threading
makes every mail a reply to the head of the series,
where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.
`deep` threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
@@ -814,7 +873,7 @@ format.signoff::
gc.aggressiveWindow::
The window size parameter used in the delta compression
algorithm used by 'git-gc --aggressive'. This defaults
algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'. This defaults
to 10.
gc.auto::
@@ -831,39 +890,36 @@ gc.autopacklimit::
default value is 50. Setting this to 0 disables it.
gc.packrefs::
'git-gc' does not run `git pack-refs` in a bare repository by
default so that older dumb-transport clients can still fetch
from the repository. Setting this to `true` lets 'git-gc'
to run `git pack-refs`. Setting this to `false` tells
'git-gc' never to run `git pack-refs`. The default setting is
`notbare`. Enable it only when you know you do not have to
support such clients. The default setting will change to `true`
at some stage, and setting this to `false` will continue to
prevent `git pack-refs` from being run from 'git-gc'.
Running `git pack-refs` in a repository renders it
unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb
transports such as HTTP. This variable determines whether
'git gc' runs `git pack-refs`. This can be set to `nobare`
to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a
boolean value. The default is `true`.
gc.pruneexpire::
When 'git-gc' is run, it will call 'prune --expire 2.weeks.ago'.
When 'git gc' is run, it will call 'prune --expire 2.weeks.ago'.
Override the grace period with this config variable. The value
"now" may be used to disable this grace period and always prune
unreachable objects immediately.
gc.reflogexpire::
'git-reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
this time; defaults to 90 days.
gc.reflogexpireunreachable::
'git-reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
this time and are not reachable from the current tip;
defaults to 30 days.
gc.rerereresolved::
Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
kept for this many days when 'git-rerere gc' is run.
kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
The default is 60 days. See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
gc.rerereunresolved::
Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
kept for this many days when 'git-rerere gc' is run.
kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
The default is 15 days. See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
gitcvs.commitmsgannotation::
@@ -971,7 +1027,7 @@ gui.spellingdictionary::
off.
gui.fastcopyblame::
If true, 'git gui blame' uses '-C' instead of '-C -C' for original
If true, 'git gui blame' uses `-C` instead of `-C -C` for original
location detection. It makes blame significantly faster on huge
repositories at the expense of less thorough copy detection.
@@ -1095,6 +1151,20 @@ http.maxRequests::
How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
by the 'GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS' environment variable. Default is 5.
http.minSessions::
The number of curl sessions (counted across slots) to be kept across
requests. They will not be ended with curl_easy_cleanup() until
http_cleanup() is invoked. If USE_CURL_MULTI is not defined, this
value will be capped at 1. Defaults to 1.
http.postBuffer::
Maximum size in bytes of the buffer used by smart HTTP
transports when POSTing data to the remote system.
For requests larger than this buffer size, HTTP/1.1 and
Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used to avoid creating a
massive pack file locally. Default is 1 MiB, which is
sufficient for most requests.
http.lowSpeedLimit, http.lowSpeedTime::
If the HTTP transfer speed is less than 'http.lowSpeedLimit'
for longer than 'http.lowSpeedTime' seconds, the transfer is aborted.
@@ -1116,7 +1186,7 @@ i18n.commitEncoding::
i18n.logOutputEncoding::
Character encoding the commit messages are converted to when
running 'git-log' and friends.
running 'git log' and friends.
imap::
The configuration variables in the 'imap' section are described
@@ -1150,7 +1220,7 @@ interactive.singlekey::
log.date::
Set default date-time mode for the log command. Setting log.date
value is similar to using 'git-log'\'s --date option. The value is one of the
value is similar to using 'git log'\'s --date option. The value is one of the
following alternatives: {relative,local,default,iso,rfc,short}.
See linkgit:git-log[1].
@@ -1326,6 +1396,11 @@ rebase.stat::
Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
rebase. False by default.
receive.autogc::
By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after
receiving data from git-push and updating refs. You can stop
it by setting this variable to false.
receive.fsckObjects::
If it is set to true, git-receive-pack will check all received
objects. It will abort in the case of a malformed object or a
@@ -1357,10 +1432,14 @@ receive.denyCurrentBranch::
receive.denyNonFastForwards::
If set to true, git-receive-pack will deny a ref update which is
not a fast forward. Use this to prevent such an update via a push,
not a fast-forward. Use this to prevent such an update via a push,
even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is
set when initializing a shared repository.
receive.updateserverinfo::
If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
remote.<name>.url::
The URL of a remote repository. See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
linkgit:git-push[1].
@@ -1387,7 +1466,13 @@ remote.<name>.mirror::
remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate::
If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
using the update subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1].
using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
linkgit:git-remote[1].
remote.<name>.skipFetchAll::
If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
linkgit:git-remote[1].
remote.<name>.receivepack::
The default program to execute on the remote side when pushing. See
@@ -1401,6 +1486,10 @@ remote.<name>.tagopt::
Setting this value to \--no-tags disables automatic tag following when
fetching from remote <name>
remote.<name>.vcs::
Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with
the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
remotes.<group>::
The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
<group>". See linkgit:git-remote[1].

26
Documentation/date-formats.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
DATE FORMATS
------------
The GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_DATE environment variables
ifdef::git-commit[]
and the `--date` option
endif::git-commit[]
support the following date formats:
Git internal format::
It is `<unix timestamp> <timezone offset>`, where `<unix
timestamp>` is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
`<timezone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is `+0200`.
RFC 2822::
The standard email format as described by RFC 2822, for example
`Thu, 07 Apr 2005 22:13:13 +0200`.
ISO 8601::
Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example
`2005-04-07T22:13:13`. The parser accepts a space instead of the
`T` character as well.
+
NOTE: In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats:
`YYYY.MM.DD`, `MM/DD/YYYY` and `DD.MM.YYYY`.

83
Documentation/diff-options.txt
View File

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
ifdef::git-format-patch[]
-p::
Generate patches without diffstat.
--no-stat::
Generate plain patches without any diffstats.
endif::git-format-patch[]
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
@@ -27,33 +28,40 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
-U<n>::
--unified=<n>::
Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
the usual three. Implies "-p".
the usual three.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
Implies `-p`.
endif::git-format-patch[]
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--raw::
Generate the raw format.
{git-diff-core? This is the default.}
endif::git-format-patch[]
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--patch-with-raw::
Synonym for "-p --raw".
Synonym for `-p --raw`.
endif::git-format-patch[]
--patience::
Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
--stat[=width[,name-width]]::
Generate a diffstat. You can override the default
output width for 80-column terminal by "--stat=width".
output width for 80-column terminal by `--stat=width`.
The width of the filename part can be controlled by
giving another width to it separated by a comma.
--numstat::
Similar to \--stat, but shows number of added and
Similar to `\--stat`, but shows number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying
`0 0`.
--shortstat::
Output only the last line of the --stat format containing total
Output only the last line of the `--stat` format containing total
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
lines.
@@ -61,24 +69,39 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
Output the distribution of relative amount of changes (number of lines added or
removed) for each sub-directory. Directories with changes below
a cut-off percent (3% by default) are not shown. The cut-off percent
can be set with "--dirstat=limit". Changes in a child directory is not
counted for the parent directory, unless "--cumulative" is used.
can be set with `--dirstat=limit`. Changes in a child directory is not
counted for the parent directory, unless `--cumulative` is used.
--dirstat-by-file[=limit]::
Same as --dirstat, but counts changed files instead of lines.
Same as `--dirstat`, but counts changed files instead of lines.
--summary::
Output a condensed summary of extended header information
such as creations, renames and mode changes.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--patch-with-stat::
Synonym for "-p --stat".
{git-format-patch? This is the default.}
Synonym for `-p --stat`.
endif::git-format-patch[]
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
-z::
NUL-line termination on output. This affects the --raw
output field terminator. Also output from commands such
as "git-log" will be delimited with NUL between commits.
ifdef::git-log[]
Separate the commits with NULs instead of with new newlines.
+
Also, when `--raw` or `--numstat` has been given, do not munge
pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
endif::git-log[]
ifndef::git-log[]
When `--raw` or `--numstat` has been given, do not munge
pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
endif::git-log[]
+
Without this option, each pathname output will have TAB, LF, double quotes,
and backslash characters replaced with `\t`, `\n`, `\"`, and `\\`,
respectively, and the pathname will be enclosed in double quotes if
any of those replacements occurred.
--name-only::
Show only names of changed files.
@@ -87,6 +110,13 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
Show only names and status of changed files. See the description
of the `--diff-filter` option on what the status letters mean.
--submodule[=<format>]::
Chose the output format for submodule differences. <format> can be one of
'short' and 'log'. 'short' just shows pairs of commit names, this format
is used when this option is not given. 'log' is the default value for this
option and lists the commits in that commit range like the 'summary'
option of linkgit:git-submodule[1] does.
--color::
Show colored diff.
@@ -110,16 +140,19 @@ The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
linkgit:gitattributes[1] or linkgit:git-config[1]. Giving it explicitly
overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers
override configuration settings.
endif::git-format-patch[]
--no-renames::
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
file gives the default to do so.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--check::
Warn if changes introduce trailing whitespace
or an indent that uses a space before a tab. Exits with
non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible with
--exit-code.
endif::git-format-patch[]
--full-index::
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
@@ -127,16 +160,16 @@ override configuration settings.
line when generating patch format output.
--binary::
In addition to --full-index, output "binary diff" that
can be applied with "git apply".
In addition to `--full-index`, output a binary diff that
can be applied with `git-apply`.
--abbrev[=<n>]::
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
lines, show only a partial prefix. This is
independent of --full-index option above, which controls
independent of the `--full-index` option above, which controls
the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
digits can be specified with `--abbrev=<n>`.
-B::
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
@@ -147,6 +180,7 @@ override configuration settings.
-C::
Detect copies as well as renames. See also `--find-copies-harder`.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--diff-filter=[ACDMRTUXB*]::
Select only files that are Added (`A`), Copied (`C`),
Deleted (`D`), Modified (`M`), Renamed (`R`), have their
@@ -158,6 +192,7 @@ override configuration settings.
paths are selected if there is any file that matches
other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
endif::git-format-patch[]
--find-copies-harder::
For performance reasons, by default, `-C` option finds copies only
@@ -169,12 +204,13 @@ override configuration settings.
`-C` option has the same effect.
-l<num>::
-M and -C options require O(n^2) processing time where n
The `-M` and `-C` options require O(n^2) processing time where n
is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
number.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
-S<string>::
Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
@@ -182,18 +218,20 @@ override configuration settings.
linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
--pickaxe-all::
When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that
When `-S` finds a change, show all the changes in that
changeset, not just the files that contain the change
in <string>.
--pickaxe-regex::
Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
regex to match.
endif::git-format-patch[]
-O<orderfile>::
Output the patch in the order specified in the
<orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
-R::
Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
on-disk file to tree contents.
@@ -205,6 +243,7 @@ override configuration settings.
not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you
can name which subdirectory to make the output relative
to by giving a <path> as an argument.
endif::git-format-patch[]
-a::
--text::
@@ -229,13 +268,15 @@ override configuration settings.
Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--exit-code::
Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1).
That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and
0 means no differences.
--quiet::
Disable all output of the program. Implies --exit-code.
Disable all output of the program. Implies `--exit-code`.
endif::git-format-patch[]
--ext-diff::
Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an

72
Documentation/fetch-options.txt
View File

@@ -1,13 +1,5 @@
ifndef::git-pull[]
-q::
--quiet::
Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally
used git commands.
-v::
--verbose::
Be verbose.
endif::git-pull[]
--all::
Fetch all remotes.
-a::
--append::
@@ -15,20 +7,38 @@ endif::git-pull[]
existing contents of `.git/FETCH_HEAD`. Without this
option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.
--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
by 'git-fetch-pack', '--exec=<upload-pack>' is passed to
the command to specify non-default path for the command
run on the other end.
--depth=<depth>::
Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
by the specified number of commits.
ifndef::git-pull[]
--dry-run::
Show what would be done, without making any changes.
endif::git-pull[]
-f::
--force::
When 'git-fetch' is used with `<rbranch>:<lbranch>`
When 'git fetch' is used with `<rbranch>:<lbranch>`
refspec, it refuses to update the local branch
`<lbranch>` unless the remote branch `<rbranch>` it
fetches is a descendant of `<lbranch>`. This option
overrides that check.
-k::
--keep::
Keep downloaded pack.
ifndef::git-pull[]
--multiple::
Allow several <repository> and <group> arguments to be
specified. No <refspec>s may be specified.
--prune::
After fetching, remove any remote tracking branches which
no longer exist on the remote.
endif::git-pull[]
ifdef::git-pull[]
--no-tags::
endif::git-pull[]
@@ -49,20 +59,28 @@ endif::git-pull[]
flag lets all tags and their associated objects be
downloaded.
-k::
--keep::
Keep downloaded pack.
-u::
--update-head-ok::
By default 'git-fetch' refuses to update the head which
By default 'git fetch' refuses to update the head which
corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the
check. This is purely for the internal use for 'git-pull'
to communicate with 'git-fetch', and unless you are
check. This is purely for the internal use for 'git pull'
to communicate with 'git fetch', and unless you are
implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
use it.
--depth=<depth>::
Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
by the specified number of commits.
--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
by 'git fetch-pack', '--exec=<upload-pack>' is passed to
the command to specify non-default path for the command
run on the other end.
ifndef::git-pull[]
-q::
--quiet::
Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally
used git commands.
-v::
--verbose::
Be verbose.
endif::git-pull[]

65
Documentation/git-add.txt
View File

@@ -14,28 +14,32 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This command adds the current content of new or modified files to the
index, thus staging that content for inclusion in the next commit.
This command updates the index using the current content found in
the working tree, to prepare the content staged for the next commit.
It typically adds the current content of existing paths as a whole,
but with some options it can also be used to add content with
only part of the changes made to the working tree files applied, or
remove paths that do not exist in the working tree anymore.
The "index" holds a snapshot of the content of the working tree, and it
is this snapshot that is taken as the contents of the next commit. Thus
after making any changes to the working directory, and before running
the commit command, you must use the 'add' command to add any new or
the commit command, you must use the `add` command to add any new or
modified files to the index.
This command can be performed multiple times before a commit. It only
adds the content of the specified file(s) at the time the add command is
run; if you want subsequent changes included in the next commit, then
you must run 'git add' again to add the new content to the index.
you must run `git add` again to add the new content to the index.
The 'git status' command can be used to obtain a summary of which
The `git status` command can be used to obtain a summary of which
files have changes that are staged for the next commit.
The 'git add' command will not add ignored files by default. If any
ignored files were explicitly specified on the command line, 'git add'
The `git add` command will not add ignored files by default. If any
ignored files were explicitly specified on the command line, `git add`
will fail with a list of ignored files. Ignored files reached by
directory recursion or filename globbing performed by Git (quote your
globs before the shell) will be silently ignored. The 'add' command can
globs before the shell) will be silently ignored. The 'git add' command can
be used to add ignored files with the `-f` (force) option.
Please see linkgit:git-commit[1] for alternative ways to add content to a
@@ -76,10 +80,10 @@ OPTIONS
work tree and add them to the index. This gives the user a chance
to review the difference before adding modified contents to the
index.
This effectively runs ``add --interactive``, but bypasses the
initial command menu and directly jumps to `patch` subcommand.
See ``Interactive mode'' for details.
+
This effectively runs `add --interactive`, but bypasses the
initial command menu and directly jumps to the `patch` subcommand.
See ``Interactive mode'' for details.
-e, \--edit::
Open the diff vs. the index in an editor and let the user
@@ -92,28 +96,31 @@ apply.
-u::
--update::
Update only files that git already knows about, staging modified
content for commit and marking deleted files for removal. This
is similar
to what "git commit -a" does in preparation for making a commit,
except that the update is limited to paths specified on the
command line. If no paths are specified, all tracked files in the
current directory and its subdirectories are updated.
Only match <filepattern> against already tracked files in
the index rather than the working tree. That means that it
will never stage new files, but that it will stage modified
new contents of tracked files and that it will remove files
from the index if the corresponding files in the working tree
have been removed.
+
If no <filepattern> is given, default to "."; in other words,
update all tracked files in the current directory and its
subdirectories.
-A::
--all::
Update files that git already knows about (same as '\--update')
and add all untracked files that are not ignored by '.gitignore'
mechanism.
Like `-u`, but match <filepattern> against files in the
working tree in addition to the index. That means that it
will find new files as well as staging modified content and
removing files that are no longer in the working tree.
-N::
--intent-to-add::
Record only the fact that the path will be added later. An entry
for the path is placed in the index with no content. This is
useful for, among other things, showing the unstaged content of
such files with 'git diff' and committing them with 'git commit
-a'.
such files with `git diff` and committing them with `git commit
-a`.
--refresh::
Don't add the file(s), but only refresh their stat()
@@ -133,7 +140,7 @@ apply.
Configuration
-------------
The optional configuration variable 'core.excludesfile' indicates a path to a
The optional configuration variable `core.excludesfile` indicates a path to a
file containing patterns of file names to exclude from git-add, similar to
$GIT_DIR/info/exclude. Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
those in info/exclude. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5].
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ and type return, like this:
What now> 1
------------
You also could say "s" or "sta" or "status" above as long as the
You also could say `s` or `sta` or `status` above as long as the
choice is unique.
The main command loop has 6 subcommands (plus help and quit).
@@ -189,9 +196,9 @@ The main command loop has 6 subcommands (plus help and quit).
status::
This shows the change between HEAD and index (i.e. what will be
committed if you say "git commit"), and between index and
committed if you say `git commit`), and between index and
working tree files (i.e. what you could stage further before
"git commit" using "git-add") for each path. A sample output
`git commit` using `git add`) for each path. A sample output
looks like this:
+
------------

10
Documentation/git-am.txt
View File

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ OPTIONS
-k::
--keep::
Pass `-k` flag to 'git-mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
Pass `-k` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
-c::
--scissors::
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ OPTIONS
-u::
--utf8::
Pass `-u` flag to 'git-mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
Pass `-u` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
The proposed commit log message taken from the e-mail
is re-coded into UTF-8 encoding (configuration variable
`i18n.commitencoding` can be used to specify project's
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ This was optional in prior versions of git, but now it is the
default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
--no-utf8::
Pass `-n` flag to 'git-mailinfo' (see
Pass `-n` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see
linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
-3::
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
-p<n>::
--directory=<dir>::
--reject::
These flags are passed to the 'git-apply' (see linkgit:git-apply[1])
These flags are passed to the 'git apply' (see linkgit:git-apply[1])
program that applies
the patch.
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
to the screen before exiting. This overrides the
standard message informing you to use `--resolved`
or `--skip` to handle the failure. This is solely
for internal use between 'git-rebase' and 'git-am'.
for internal use between 'git rebase' and 'git am'.
--abort::
Restore the original branch and abort the patching operation.

51
Documentation/git-apply.txt
View File

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-apply(1)
NAME
----
git-apply - Apply a patch on a git index file and/or a working tree
git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index
SYNOPSIS
@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Reads supplied 'diff' output and applies it on a git index file
and a work tree.
Reads the supplied diff output (i.e. "a patch") and applies it to files.
With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and
with the `--cache` option the patch is only applied to the index.
Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files,
and does not require them to be in a git repository.
OPTIONS
-------
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ OPTIONS
input. Turns off "apply".
--numstat::
Similar to \--stat, but shows the number of added and
Similar to `--stat`, but shows the number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and the pathname without
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying
@@ -48,25 +51,25 @@ OPTIONS
--check::
Instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is
applicable to the current work tree and/or the index
applicable to the current working tree and/or the index
file and detects errors. Turns off "apply".
--index::
When --check is in effect, or when applying the patch
When `--check` is in effect, or when applying the patch
(which is the default when none of the options that
disables it is in effect), make sure the patch is
applicable to what the current index file records. If
the file to be patched in the work tree is not
the file to be patched in the working tree is not
up-to-date, it is flagged as an error. This flag also
causes the index file to be updated.
--cached::
Apply a patch without touching the working tree. Instead take the
cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index
without using the working tree. This implies '--index'.
without using the working tree. This implies `--index`.
--build-fake-ancestor=<file>::
Newer 'git-diff' output has embedded 'index information'
Newer 'git diff' output has embedded 'index information'
for each blob to help identify the original version that
the patch applies to. When this flag is given, and if
the original versions of the blobs are available locally,
@@ -80,18 +83,20 @@ the information is read from the current index instead.
Apply the patch in reverse.
--reject::
For atomicity, 'git-apply' by default fails the whole patch and
For atomicity, 'git apply' by default fails the whole patch and
does not touch the working tree when some of the hunks
do not apply. This option makes it apply
the parts of the patch that are applicable, and leave the
rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files.
-z::
When showing the index information, do not munge paths,
but use NUL terminated machine readable format. Without
this flag, the pathnames output will have TAB, LF, and
backslash characters replaced with `\t`, `\n`, and `\\`,
respectively.
When `--numstat` has been given, do not munge pathnames,
but use a NUL-terminated machine-readable format.
+
Without this option, each pathname output will have TAB, LF, double quotes,
and backslash characters replaced with `\t`, `\n`, `\"`, and `\\`,
respectively, and the pathname will be enclosed in double quotes if
any of those replacements occurred.
-p<n>::
Remove <n> leading slashes from traditional diff paths. The
@@ -104,18 +109,18 @@ the information is read from the current index instead.
ever ignored.
--unidiff-zero::
By default, 'git-apply' expects that the patch being
By default, 'git apply' expects that the patch being
applied is a unified diff with at least one line of context.
This provides good safety measures, but breaks down when
applying a diff generated with --unified=0. To bypass these
checks use '--unidiff-zero'.
applying a diff generated with `--unified=0`. To bypass these
checks use `--unidiff-zero`.
+
Note, for the reasons stated above usage of context-free patches is
discouraged.
--apply::
If you use any of the options marked "Turns off
'apply'" above, 'git-apply' reads and outputs the
'apply'" above, 'git apply' reads and outputs the
requested information without actually applying the
patch. Give this flag after those flags to also apply
the patch.
@@ -144,7 +149,7 @@ discouraged.
be useful when importing patchsets, where you want to include certain
files or directories.
+
When --exclude and --include patterns are used, they are examined in the
When `--exclude` and `--include` patterns are used, they are examined in the
order they appear on the command line, and the first match determines if a
patch to each path is used. A patch to a path that does not match any
include/exclude pattern is used by default if there is no include pattern
@@ -224,16 +229,16 @@ apply.whitespace::
Submodules
----------
If the patch contains any changes to submodules then 'git-apply'
If the patch contains any changes to submodules then 'git apply'
treats these changes as follows.
If --index is specified (explicitly or implicitly), then the submodule
If `--index` is specified (explicitly or implicitly), then the submodule
commits must match the index exactly for the patch to apply. If any
of the submodules are checked-out, then these check-outs are completely
ignored, i.e., they are not required to be up-to-date or clean and they
are not updated.
If --index is not specified, then the submodule commits in the patch
If `--index` is not specified, then the submodule commits in the patch
are ignored and only the absence or presence of the corresponding
subdirectory is checked and (if possible) updated.

12
Documentation/git-archimport.txt
View File

@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@ branches that have different roots, it will refuse to run. In that case,
edit your <archive/branch> parameters to define clearly the scope of the
import.
'git-archimport' uses `tla` extensively in the background to access the
'git archimport' uses `tla` extensively in the background to access the
Arch repository.
Make sure you have a recent version of `tla` available in the path. `tla` must
know about the repositories you pass to 'git-archimport'.
know about the repositories you pass to 'git archimport'.
For the initial import, 'git-archimport' expects to find itself in an empty
For the initial import, 'git archimport' expects to find itself in an empty
directory. To follow the development of a project that uses Arch, rerun
'git-archimport' with the same parameters as the initial import to perform
'git archimport' with the same parameters as the initial import to perform
incremental imports.
While 'git-archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names
manually. To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch>
parameter, separated by a colon. This way, you can shorten the Arch
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ OPTIONS
-o::
Use this for compatibility with old-style branch names used by
earlier versions of 'git-archimport'. Old-style branch names
earlier versions of 'git archimport'. Old-style branch names
were category--branch, whereas new-style branch names are
archive,category--branch--version. In both cases, names given
on the command-line will override the automatically-generated

9
Documentation/git-archive.txt
View File

@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ structure for the named tree, and writes it out to the standard
output. If <prefix> is specified it is
prepended to the filenames in the archive.
'git-archive' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when
'git archive' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when
given a commit ID or tag ID. In the first case the current time is
used as the modification time of each file in the archive. In the latter
case the commit time as recorded in the referenced commit object is
used instead. Additionally the commit ID is stored in a global
extended pax header if the tar format is used; it can be extracted
using 'git-get-tar-commit-id'. In ZIP files it is stored as a file
using 'git get-tar-commit-id'. In ZIP files it is stored as a file
comment.
OPTIONS
@@ -74,8 +74,9 @@ OPTIONS
The tree or commit to produce an archive for.
path::
If one or more paths are specified, include only these in the
archive, otherwise include all files and subdirectories.
Without an optional path parameter, all files and subdirectories
of the current working directory are included in the archive.
If one or more paths are specified, only these are included.
BACKEND EXTRA OPTIONS
---------------------

1358
Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt Normal file
View File

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

28
Documentation/git-bisect.txt
View File

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ on the subcommand:
git bisect bad [<rev>]
git bisect good [<rev>...]
git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...]
git bisect reset [<branch>]
git bisect reset [<commit>]
git bisect visualize
git bisect replay <logfile>
git bisect log
@@ -81,16 +81,27 @@ will have been left with the first bad kernel revision in "refs/bisect/bad".
Bisect reset
~~~~~~~~~~~~
To return to the original head after a bisect session, issue the
following command:
After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to
the original HEAD, issue the following command:
------------------------------------------------
$ git bisect reset
------------------------------------------------
This resets the tree to the original branch instead of being on the
bisection commit ("git bisect start" will also do that, as it resets
the bisection state).
By default, this will return your tree to the commit that was checked
out before `git bisect start`. (A new `git bisect start` will also do
that, as it cleans up the old bisection state.)
With an optional argument, you can return to a different commit
instead:
------------------------------------------------
$ git bisect reset <commit>
------------------------------------------------
For example, `git bisect reset HEAD` will leave you on the current
bisection commit and avoid switching commits at all, while `git bisect
reset bisect/bad` will check out the first bad revision.
Bisect visualize
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -319,6 +330,11 @@ Documentation
-------------
Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
SEE ALSO
--------
link:git-bisect-lk2009.html[Fighting regressions with git bisect],
linkgit:git-blame[1].
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

10
Documentation/git-blame.txt
View File

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
[-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
[-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
[<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
DESCRIPTION
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.
The command can also limit the range of lines annotated.
The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or
replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git-diff' or the "pickaxe"
replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe"
interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ include::blame-options.txt[]
file (see `-M`). The first number listed is the score.
This is the number of alphanumeric characters detected
as having been moved between or within files. This must be above
a certain threshold for 'git-blame' to consider those lines
a certain threshold for 'git blame' to consider those lines
of code to have been moved.
-f::
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ header elements later.
SPECIFYING RANGES
-----------------
Unlike 'git-blame' and 'git-annotate' in older versions of git, the extent
Unlike 'git blame' and 'git annotate' in older versions of git, the extent
of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision
ranges. When you are interested in finding the origin for
lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ which limits the annotation to the body of the `hello` subroutine.
When you are not interested in changes older than version
v2.6.18, or changes older than 3 weeks, you can use revision
range specifiers similar to 'git-rev-list':
range specifiers similar to 'git rev-list':
git blame v2.6.18.. -- foo
git blame --since=3.weeks -- foo

14
Documentation/git-branch.txt
View File

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
'git branch' [--color | --no-color] [-r | -a]
[-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]]
'git branch' [--track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
new branch.
When a local branch is started off a remote branch, git sets up the
branch so that 'git-pull' will appropriately merge from
branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
the remote branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
`branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options.
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.
Use -r together with -d to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
in the remote repository or if 'git-fetch' was configured not to fetch
in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ OPTIONS
-f::
--force::
Reset <branchname> to <startpoint> if <branchname> exists
already. Without `-f` 'git-branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
already. Without `-f` 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
-m::
Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.
@@ -129,6 +129,12 @@ start-point is either a local or remote branch.
Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
--set-upstream::
If specified branch does not exist yet or if '--force' has been
given, acts exactly like '--track'. Otherwise sets up configuration
like '--track' would when creating the branch, except that where
branch points to is not changed.
--contains <commit>::
Only list branches which contain the specified commit.

28
Documentation/git-bundle.txt
View File

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for
'git-fetch' and 'git-pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
another repository using 'git-fetch' and 'git-pull'
after moving the archive by some means (i.e., by sneakernet). As no
another repository using 'git fetch' and 'git pull'
after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). As no
direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a
basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ OPTIONS
create <file>::
Used to create a bundle named 'file'. This requires the
'git-rev-list' arguments to define the bundle contents.
'git rev-list' arguments to define the bundle contents.
verify <file>::
Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply
cleanly to the current repository. This includes checks on the
bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite
commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository.
'git-bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
'git bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
with a non-zero status.
list-heads <file>::
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ list-heads <file>::
printed out.
unbundle <file>::
Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git-index-pack'
Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git index-pack'
for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all
defined references. If a list of references is given, only
references matching those in the list are printed. This command is
really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git-fetch'.
really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git fetch'.
[git-rev-list-args...]::
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git-rev-parse' and
'git-rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
to transport. For example, `master\~10..master` causes the
current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit
@@ -69,16 +69,16 @@ unbundle <file>::
[refname...]::
A list of references used to limit the references reported as
available. This is principally of use to 'git-fetch', which
available. This is principally of use to 'git fetch', which
expects to receive only those references asked for and not
necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git-bundle' acts
like 'git-fetch-pack').
necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git bundle' acts
like 'git fetch-pack').
SPECIFYING REFERENCES
---------------------
'git-bundle' will only package references that are shown by
'git-show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
such as `master\~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more
than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not

32
Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
View File

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git check-ref-format' <refname>
'git check-ref-format' [--branch] <branchname-shorthand>
'git check-ref-format' --print <refname>
'git check-ref-format' --branch <branchname-shorthand>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
@@ -59,20 +60,35 @@ reference name expressions (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]):
. A colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s
value and store it in dstref" in fetch and push operations.
It may also be used to select a specific object such as with
'git-cat-file': "git cat-file blob v1.3.3:refs.c".
'git cat-file': "git cat-file blob v1.3.3:refs.c".
. at-open-brace `@{` is used as a notation to access a reflog entry.
With the `--branch` option, it expands a branch name shorthand and
prints the name of the branch the shorthand refers to.
With the `--print` option, if 'refname' is acceptable, it prints the
canonicalized name of a hypothetical reference with that name. That is,
it prints 'refname' with any extra `/` characters removed.
EXAMPLE
-------
With the `--branch` option, it expands the ``previous branch syntax''
`@{-n}`. For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last branch you
were on. This option should be used by porcelains to accept this
syntax anywhere a branch name is expected, so they can act as if you
typed the branch name.
git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}::
EXAMPLES
--------
Print the name of the previous branch.
* Print the name of the previous branch:
+
------------
$ git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}
------------
* Determine the reference name to use for a new branch:
+
------------
$ ref=$(git check-ref-format --print "refs/heads/$newbranch") ||
die "we do not like '$newbranch' as a branch name."
------------
GIT
---

8
Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt
View File

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ $ find . -name '*.h' -print0 | xargs -0 git checkout-index -f --
which will force all existing `*.h` files to be replaced with their
cached copies. If an empty command line implied "all", then this would
force-refresh everything in the index, which was not the point. But
since 'git-checkout-index' accepts --stdin it would be faster to use:
since 'git checkout-index' accepts --stdin it would be faster to use:
----------------
$ find . -name '*.h' -print0 | git checkout-index -f -z --stdin
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Using `--` is probably a good policy in scripts.
Using --temp or --stage=all
---------------------------
When `--temp` is used (or implied by `--stage=all`)
'git-checkout-index' will create a temporary file for each index
'git checkout-index' will create a temporary file for each index
entry being checked out. The index will not be updated with stat
information. These options can be useful if the caller needs all
stages of all unmerged entries so that the unmerged files can be
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ To update and refresh only the files already checked out::
$ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
----------------
Using 'git-checkout-index' to "export an entire tree"::
Using 'git checkout-index' to "export an entire tree"::
The prefix ability basically makes it trivial to use
'git-checkout-index' as an "export as tree" function.
'git checkout-index' as an "export as tree" function.
Just read the desired tree into the index, and do:
+
----------------

2
Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
View File

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ OPTIONS
-e::
--edit::
With this option, 'git-cherry-pick' will let you edit the commit
With this option, 'git cherry-pick' will let you edit the commit
message prior to committing.
-x::

6
Documentation/git-cherry.txt
View File

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
The changeset (or "diff") of each commit between the fork-point and <head>
is compared against each commit between the fork-point and <upstream>.
The commits are compared with their 'patch id', obtained from
the 'git-patch-id' program.
the 'git patch-id' program.
Every commit that doesn't exist in the <upstream> branch
has its id (sha1) reported, prefixed by a symbol. The ones that have
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ to and including <limit> are not reported:
\__*__*__<limit>__-__+__> <head>
Because 'git-cherry' compares the changeset rather than the commit id
(sha1), you can use 'git-cherry' to find out if a commit you made locally
Because 'git cherry' compares the changeset rather than the commit id
(sha1), you can use 'git cherry' to find out if a commit you made locally
has been applied <upstream> under a different commit id. For example,
this will happen if you're feeding patches <upstream> via email rather
than pushing or pulling commits directly.

4
Documentation/git-citool.txt
View File

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
A Tcl/Tk based graphical interface to review modified files, stage
them into the index, enter a commit message and record the new
commit onto the current branch. This interface is an alternative
to the less interactive 'git-commit' program.
to the less interactive 'git commit' program.
'git-citool' is actually a standard alias for `git gui citool`.
'git citool' is actually a standard alias for `git gui citool`.
See linkgit:git-gui[1] for more details.
Author

4
Documentation/git-clean.txt
View File

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ OPTIONS
-f::
--force::
If the git configuration specifies clean.requireForce as true,
'git-clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
-n::
--dry-run::
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ OPTIONS
-x::
Don't use the ignore rules. This allows removing all untracked
files, including build products. This can be used (possibly in
conjunction with 'git-reset') to create a pristine
conjunction with 'git reset') to create a pristine
working directory to test a clean build.
-X::

38
Documentation/git-clone.txt
View File

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
[verse]
'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
[-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
[-o <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
[-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
[--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
DESCRIPTION
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ OPTIONS
--local::
-l::
When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
this flag bypasses normal "git aware" transport
this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ OPTIONS
-s::
When the repository to clone is on the local machine,
instead of using hard links, automatically setup
.git/objects/info/alternates to share the objects
`.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects
with the source repository. The resulting repository
starts out without any object of its own.
+
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as 'git-commit')
These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
@@ -86,23 +86,29 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
--reference <repository>::
If the reference repository is on the local machine,
automatically setup .git/objects/info/alternates to
automatically setup `.git/objects/info/alternates` to
obtain objects from the reference repository. Using
an already existing repository as an alternate will
require fewer objects to be copied from the repository
being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs.
+
*NOTE*: see NOTE to --shared option.
*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option.
--quiet::
-q::
Operate quietly. This flag is also passed to the `rsync'
Operate quietly. Progress is not reported to the standard
error stream. This flag is also passed to the `rsync'
command when given.
--verbose::
-v::
Display the progressbar, even in case the standard output is not
a terminal.
Run verbosely.
--progress::
Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
--no-checkout::
-n::
@@ -121,17 +127,17 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
configuration variables are created.
--mirror::
Set up a mirror of the remote repository. This implies --bare.
Set up a mirror of the remote repository. This implies `--bare`.
--origin <name>::
-o <name>::
Instead of using the remote name 'origin' to keep track
of the upstream repository, use <name>.
Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track
of the upstream repository, use `<name>`.
--branch <name>::
-b <name>::
Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to <name> branch
to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
be checked out.
@@ -158,7 +164,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
--recursive::
After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within,
using their default settings. This is equivalent to running
'git submodule update --init --recursive' immediately after
`git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after
the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned
repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of
`--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given)
@@ -171,8 +177,8 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
<directory>::
The name of a new directory to clone into. The "humanish"
part of the source repository is used if no directory is
explicitly given ("repo" for "/path/to/repo.git" and "foo"
for "host.xz:foo/.git"). Cloning into an existing directory
explicitly given (`repo` for `/path/to/repo.git` and `foo`
for `host.xz:foo/.git`). Cloning into an existing directory
is only allowed if the directory is empty.
:git-clone: 1

3
Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
View File

@@ -70,9 +70,10 @@ is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
present, system user name and fully qualified hostname.
A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog
entry is not provided via "<" redirection, 'git-commit-tree' will just wait
entry is not provided via "<" redirection, 'git commit-tree' will just wait
for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.
include::date-formats.txt[]
Diagnostics
-----------

62
Documentation/git-commit.txt
View File

@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] [--dry-run]
[(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>]
[(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author]
[--allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
[--cleanup=<mode>] [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
[--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status] [--]
[[-i | -o ]<file>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
@@ -20,11 +21,11 @@ with a log message from the user describing the changes.
The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
1. by using 'git-add' to incrementally "add" changes to the
1. by using 'git add' to incrementally "add" changes to the
index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
files must be "added");
2. by using 'git-rm' to remove files from the working tree
2. by using 'git rm' to remove files from the working tree
and the index, again before using the 'commit' command;
3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
@@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one
by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the
operation. Currently, this is done by invoking 'git-add --interactive'.
operation. Currently, this is done by invoking 'git add --interactive'.
The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a
summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths).
If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after
that, you can recover from it with 'git-reset'.
that, you can recover from it with 'git reset'.
OPTIONS
@@ -69,6 +70,25 @@ OPTIONS
Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
the user can further edit the commit message.
--reset-author::
When used with -C/-c/--amend options, declare that the
authorship of the resulting commit now belongs of the committer.
This also renews the author timestamp.
--short::
When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See
linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`.
--porcelain::
When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready
format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies
`--dry-run`.
-z::
When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate
entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no
format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format.
-F <file>::
--file=<file>::
Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
@@ -80,6 +100,9 @@ OPTIONS
an existing commit that matches the given string and its author
name is used.
--date=<date>::
Override the author date used in the commit.
-m <msg>::
--message=<msg>::
Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
@@ -162,7 +185,7 @@ FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
command line, disregarding any contents that have been
staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
'git-commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
in which case this option can be omitted.
If this option is specified together with '--amend', then
no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend
@@ -202,6 +225,17 @@ specified.
to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left
uncommitted and paths that are untracked.
--status::
Include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the commit
message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
message. Defaults to on, but can be used to override
configuration variable commit.status.
--no-status::
Do not include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the
commit message template when using an editor to prepare the
default commit message.
\--::
Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
@@ -212,15 +246,17 @@ specified.
these files are also staged for the next commit on top
of what have been staged before.
:git-commit: 1
include::date-formats.txt[]
EXAMPLES
--------
When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
called the "index" with 'git-add'. A file can be
called the "index" with 'git add'. A file can be
reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`,
which effectively reverts 'git-add' and prevents the changes to
which effectively reverts 'git add' and prevents the changes to
this file from participating in the next commit. After building
the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
@@ -276,13 +312,13 @@ $ git commit
this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
`hello.h` as expected.
After a merge (initiated by 'git-merge' or 'git-pull') stops
After a merge (initiated by 'git merge' or 'git pull') stops
because of conflicts, cleanly merged
paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first
check which paths are conflicting with 'git-status'
check which paths are conflicting with 'git status'
and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
stage the result as usual with 'git-add':
stage the result as usual with 'git add':
------------
$ git status | grep unmerged
@@ -323,7 +359,7 @@ ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
order).
order). See linkgit:git-var[1] for details.
HOOKS
-----

28
Documentation/git-config.txt
View File

@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ existing values that match the regexp are updated or unset. If
you want to handle the lines that do *not* match the regex, just
prepend a single exclamation mark in front (see also <<EXAMPLES>>).
The type specifier can be either '--int' or '--bool', which will make
'git-config' ensure that the variable(s) are of the given type and
The type specifier can be either '--int' or '--bool', to make
'git config' ensure that the variable(s) are of the given type and
convert the value to the canonical form (simple decimal number for int,
a "true" or "false" string for bool). If no type specifier is passed,
no checks or transformations are performed on the value.
a "true" or "false" string for bool), or '--path', which does some
path expansion (see '--path' below). If no type specifier is passed, no
checks or transformations are performed on the value.
The file-option can be one of '--system', '--global' or '--file'
which specify where the values will be read from or written to.
@@ -124,18 +125,25 @@ See also <<FILES>>.
List all variables set in config file.
--bool::
'git-config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false"
'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false"
--int::
'git-config' will ensure that the output is a simple
'git config' will ensure that the output is a simple
decimal number. An optional value suffix of 'k', 'm', or 'g'
in the config file will cause the value to be multiplied
by 1024, 1048576, or 1073741824 prior to output.
--bool-or-int::
'git-config' will ensure that the output matches the format of
'git config' will ensure that the output matches the format of
either --bool or --int, as described above.
--path::
'git-config' will expand leading '{tilde}' to the value of
'$HOME', and '{tilde}user' to the home directory for the
specified user. This option has no effect when setting the
value (but you can use 'git config bla {tilde}/' from the
command line to let your shell do the expansion).
-z::
--null::
For all options that output values and/or keys, always
@@ -173,7 +181,7 @@ FILES
-----
If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where
'git-config' will search for configuration options:
'git config' will search for configuration options:
$GIT_DIR/config::
Repository specific configuration file. (The filename is
@@ -190,12 +198,12 @@ $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration
file is not available or readable, 'git-config' will exit with a non-zero
file is not available or readable, 'git config' will exit with a non-zero
error code. However, in neither case will an error message be issued.
All writing options will per default write to the repository specific
configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all'
and '--unset'. *'git-config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
You can override these rules either by command line options or by environment
variables. The '--global' and the '--system' options will limit the file used

2
Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
View File

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ by default.
Supports file additions, removals, and commits that affect binary files.
If the commit is a merge commit, you must tell 'git-cvsexportcommit' what
If the commit is a merge commit, you must tell 'git cvsexportcommit' what
parent the changeset should be done against.
OPTIONS

18
Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
View File

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ At least version 2.1 is required.
Please see the section <<issues,ISSUES>> for further reference.
You should *never* do any work of your own on the branches that are
created by 'git-cvsimport'. By default initial import will create and populate a
created by 'git cvsimport'. By default initial import will create and populate a
"master" branch from the CVS repository's main branch which you're free
to work with; after that, you need to 'git-merge' incremental imports, or
to work with; after that, you need to 'git merge' incremental imports, or
any CVS branches, yourself. It is advisable to specify a named remote via
-r to separate and protect the incoming branches.
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ OPTIONS
-d <CVSROOT>::
The root of the CVS archive. May be local (a simple path) or remote;
currently, only the :local:, :ext: and :pserver: access methods
are supported. If not given, 'git-cvsimport' will try to read it
are supported. If not given, 'git cvsimport' will try to read it
from `CVS/Root`. If no such file exists, it checks for the
`CVSROOT` environment variable.
<CVS_module>::
The CVS module you want to import. Relative to <CVSROOT>.
If not given, 'git-cvsimport' tries to read it from
If not given, 'git cvsimport' tries to read it from
`CVS/Repository`.
-C <target-dir>::
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ OPTIONS
-r <remote>::
The git remote to import this CVS repository into.
Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch>
akin to the way 'git-clone' uses 'origin' by default.
akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default.
-o <branch-for-HEAD>::
When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch
from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git
repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git.
When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named
remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git-clone' behaviour.
remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour.
Use this option if you want to import into a different
branch.
+
@@ -145,17 +145,17 @@ This option can be used several times to provide several detection regexes.
---------
+
'git-cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had
'git cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had
their GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL set properly
all along.
+
For convenience, this data is saved to `$GIT_DIR/cvs-authors`
each time the '-A' option is provided and read from that same
file each time 'git-cvsimport' is run.
file each time 'git cvsimport' is run.
+
It is not recommended to use this feature if you intend to
export changes back to CVS again later with
'git-cvsexportcommit'.
'git cvsexportcommit'.
-h::
Print a short usage message and exit.

38
Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
View File

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ cvspserver stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/bin/git-cvsserver git-cvsserver pserver
Usage:
[verse]
'git cvsserver' [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]
'git-cvsserver' [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]
OPTIONS
-------
@@ -182,10 +182,9 @@ Database Backend
----------------
'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to
store information about the repository for faster access. The
database doesn't contain any persistent data and can be completely
regenerated from the git repository at any time. The database
needs to be updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
store information about the repository to maintain consistent
CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be
updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
If the commit is done directly by using `git` (as opposed to
using 'git-cvsserver') the update will need to happen on the
@@ -204,6 +203,18 @@ write so it might not be enough to grant the users using
'git-cvsserver' write access to the database file without granting
them write access to the directory, too.
The database can not be reliably regenerated in a
consistent form after the branch it is tracking has changed.
Example: For merged branches, 'git-cvsserver' only tracks
one branch of development, and after a 'git merge' an
incrementally updated database may track a different branch
than a database regenerated from scratch, causing inconsistent
CVS revision numbers. `git-cvsserver` has no way of knowing which
branch it would have picked if it had been run incrementally
pre-merge. So if you have to fully or partially (from old
backup) regenerate the database, you should be suspicious
of pre-existing CVS sandboxes.
You can configure the database backend with the following
configuration variables:
@@ -266,6 +277,21 @@ In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables:
If no name can be determined, the
numeric uid is used.
ENVIRONMENT
-----------
These variables obviate the need for command-line options in some
circumstances, allowing easier restricted usage through git-shell.
GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH takes the place of the argument to --base-path.
GIT_CVSSERVER_ROOT specifies a single-directory whitelist. The
repository must still be configured to allow access through
git-cvsserver, as described above.
When these environment variables are set, the corresponding
command-line arguments may not be used.
Eclipse CVS Client Notes
------------------------
@@ -283,7 +309,7 @@ To get a checkout with the Eclipse CVS client:
Protocol notes: If you are using anonymous access via pserver, just select that.
Those using SSH access should choose the 'ext' protocol, and configure 'ext'
access on the Preferences->Team->CVS->ExtConnection pane. Set CVS_SERVER to
"'git cvsserver'". Note that password support is not good when using 'ext',
"`git cvsserver`". Note that password support is not good when using 'ext',
you will definitely want to have SSH keys setup.
Alternatively, you can just use the non-standard extssh protocol that Eclipse

42
Documentation/git-daemon.txt
View File

@@ -28,36 +28,36 @@ that service if it is enabled.
It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and
it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you
pass some directory paths as 'git-daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
By default, only `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
'git-fetch-pack' and 'git-ls-remote' clients, which are invoked
from 'git-fetch', 'git-pull', and 'git-clone'.
'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients, which are invoked
from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.
This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from
git repositories.
An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git-archive'.
An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'.
OPTIONS
-------
--strict-paths::
Match paths exactly (i.e. don't allow "/foo/repo" when the real path is
"/foo/repo.git" or "/foo/repo/.git") and don't do user-relative paths.
'git-daemon' will refuse to start when this option is enabled and no
'git daemon' will refuse to start when this option is enabled and no
whitelist is specified.
--base-path=path::
Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path.
This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git-daemon' with
This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
'--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull
'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git-daemon' will interpret the path
'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path
as '/srv/git/hello.git'.
--base-path-relaxed::
If --base-path is enabled and repo lookup fails, with this option
'git-daemon' will attempt to lookup without prefixing the base path.
'git daemon' will attempt to lookup without prefixing the base path.
This is useful for switching to --base-path usage, while still
allowing the old paths.
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ OPTIONS
+
Giving these options is an error when used with `--inetd`; use
the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
'git-daemon' if needed.
'git daemon' if needed.
--enable=service::
--disable=service::
@@ -169,24 +169,24 @@ SERVICES
These services can be globally enabled/disabled using the
command line options of this command. If a finer-grained
control is desired (e.g. to allow 'git-archive' to be run
control is desired (e.g. to allow 'git archive' to be run
against only in a few selected repositories the daemon serves),
the per-repository configuration file can be used to enable or
disable them.
upload-pack::
This serves 'git-fetch-pack' and 'git-ls-remote'
This serves 'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote'
clients. It is enabled by default, but a repository can
disable it by setting `daemon.uploadpack` configuration
item to `false`.
upload-archive::
This serves 'git-archive --remote'. It is disabled by
This serves 'git archive --remote'. It is disabled by
default, but a repository can enable it by setting
`daemon.uploadarch` configuration item to `true`.
receive-pack::
This serves 'git-send-pack' clients, allowing anonymous
This serves 'git send-pack' clients, allowing anonymous
push. It is disabled by default, as there is _no_
authentication in the protocol (in other words, anybody
can push anything into the repository, including removal
@@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ $ grep 9418 /etc/services
git 9418/tcp # Git Version Control System
------------
'git-daemon' as inetd server::
To set up 'git-daemon' as an inetd service that handles any
'git daemon' as inetd server::
To set up 'git daemon' as an inetd service that handles any
repository under the whitelisted set of directories, /pub/foo
and /pub/bar, place an entry like the following into
/etc/inetd all on one line:
@@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ git 9418/tcp # Git Version Control System
------------------------------------------------
'git-daemon' as inetd server for virtual hosts::
To set up 'git-daemon' as an inetd service that handles
'git daemon' as inetd server for virtual hosts::
To set up 'git daemon' as an inetd service that handles
repositories for different virtual hosts, `www.example.com`
and `www.example.org`, place an entry like the following into
`/etc/inetd` all on one line:
@@ -240,8 +240,8 @@ clients, a symlink from `/software` into the appropriate
default repository could be made as well.
'git-daemon' as regular daemon for virtual hosts::
To set up 'git-daemon' as a regular, non-inetd service that
'git daemon' as regular daemon for virtual hosts::
To set up 'git daemon' as a regular, non-inetd service that
handles repositories for multiple virtual hosts based on
their IP addresses, start the daemon like this:
+
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Repositories can still be accessed by hostname though, assuming
they correspond to these IP addresses.
selectively enable/disable services per repository::
To enable 'git-archive --remote' and disable 'git-fetch' against
To enable 'git archive --remote' and disable 'git fetch' against
a repository, have the following in the configuration file in the
repository (that is the file 'config' next to 'HEAD', 'refs' and
'objects').
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ selectively enable/disable services per repository::
ENVIRONMENT
-----------
'git-daemon' will set REMOTE_ADDR to the IP address of the client
'git daemon' will set REMOTE_ADDR to the IP address of the client
that connected to it, if the IP address is available. REMOTE_ADDR will
be available in the environment of hooks called when
services are performed.

30
Documentation/git-describe.txt
View File

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>...
'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
@@ -27,6 +29,11 @@ OPTIONS
<committish>...::
Committish object names to describe.
--dirty[=<mark>]::
Describe the working tree.
It means describe HEAD and appends <mark> (`-dirty` by
default) if the working tree is dirty.
--all::
Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref
found in `.git/refs/`. This option enables matching
@@ -44,7 +51,9 @@ OPTIONS
--abbrev=<n>::
Instead of using the default 7 hexadecimal digits as the
abbreviated object name, use <n> digits.
abbreviated object name, use <n> digits, or as many digits
as needed to form a unique object name. An <n> of 0
will suppress long format, only showing the closest tag.
--candidates=<n>::
Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as
@@ -68,8 +77,8 @@ OPTIONS
This is useful when you want to see parts of the commit object name
in "describe" output, even when the commit in question happens to be
a tagged version. Instead of just emitting the tag name, it will
describe such a commit as v1.2-0-deadbeef (0th commit since tag v1.2
that points at object deadbeef....).
describe such a commit as v1.2-0-gdeadbee (0th commit since tag v1.2
that points at object deadbee....).
--match <pattern>::
Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid
@@ -97,7 +106,7 @@ of commits which would be displayed by "git log v1.0.4..parent".
The hash suffix is "-g" + 7-char abbreviation for the tip commit
of parent (which was `2414721b194453f058079d897d13c4e377f92dc6`).
Doing a 'git-describe' on a tag-name will just show the tag name:
Doing a 'git describe' on a tag-name will just show the tag name:
[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe v1.0.4
v1.0.4
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ the output shows the reference path as well:
[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all --abbrev=4 v1.0.5^2
tags/v1.0.0-21-g975b
[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all HEAD^
[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all --abbrev=4 HEAD^
heads/lt/describe-7-g975b
With --abbrev set to 0, the command can be used to find the
@@ -117,16 +126,23 @@ closest tagname without any suffix:
[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --abbrev=0 v1.0.5^2
tags/v1.0.0
Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be
longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your
git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not
be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
SEARCH STRATEGY
---------------
For each committish supplied, 'git-describe' will first look for
For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
a tag which tags exactly that commit. Annotated tags will always
be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will
always be preferred over tags with older dates. If an exact match
is found, its name will be output and searching will stop.
If an exact match was not found, 'git-describe' will walk back
If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
has been tagged. The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
abbreviation of the input committish's SHA1.

2
Documentation/git-diff-files.txt
View File

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
Compares the files in the working tree and the index. When paths
are specified, compares only those named paths. Otherwise all
entries in the index are compared. The output format is the
same as for 'git-diff-index' and 'git-diff-tree'.
same as for 'git diff-index' and 'git diff-tree'.
OPTIONS
-------

20
Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
View File

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
-m::
By default, files recorded in the index but not checked
out are reported as deleted. This flag makes
'git-diff-index' say that all non-checked-out files are up
'git diff-index' say that all non-checked-out files are up
to date.
include::diff-format.txt[]
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Cached Mode
If '--cached' is specified, it allows you to ask:
show me the differences between HEAD and the current index
contents (the ones I'd write using 'git-write-tree')
contents (the ones I'd write using 'git write-tree')
For example, let's say that you have worked on your working directory, updated
some files in the index and are ready to commit. You want to see exactly
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ object and compare it that way, and to do that, you just do
Example: let's say I had renamed `commit.c` to `git-commit.c`, and I had
done an `update-index` to make that effective in the index file.
`git diff-files` wouldn't show anything at all, since the index file
matches my working directory. But doing a 'git-diff-index' does:
matches my working directory. But doing a 'git diff-index' does:
torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git diff-index --cached HEAD
-100644 blob 4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74 commit.c
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ matches my working directory. But doing a 'git-diff-index' does:
You can see easily that the above is a rename.
In fact, `git diff-index --cached` *should* always be entirely equivalent to
actually doing a 'git-write-tree' and comparing that. Except this one is much
actually doing a 'git write-tree' and comparing that. Except this one is much
nicer for the case where you just want to check where you are.
So doing a 'git-diff-index --cached' is basically very useful when you are
So doing a `git diff-index --cached` is basically very useful when you are
asking yourself "what have I already marked for being committed, and
what's the difference to a previous tree".
@@ -80,20 +80,20 @@ Non-cached Mode
---------------
The "non-cached" mode takes a different approach, and is potentially
the more useful of the two in that what it does can't be emulated with
a 'git-write-tree' + 'git-diff-tree'. Thus that's the default mode.
a 'git write-tree' + 'git diff-tree'. Thus that's the default mode.
The non-cached version asks the question:
show me the differences between HEAD and the currently checked out
tree - index contents _and_ files that aren't up-to-date
which is obviously a very useful question too, since that tells you what
you *could* commit. Again, the output matches the 'git-diff-tree -r'
you *could* commit. Again, the output matches the 'git diff-tree -r'
output to a tee, but with a twist.
The twist is that if some file doesn't match the index, we don't have
a backing store thing for it, and we use the magic "all-zero" sha1 to
show that. So let's say that you have edited `kernel/sched.c`, but
have not actually done a 'git-update-index' on it yet - there is no
have not actually done a 'git update-index' on it yet - there is no
"object" associated with the new state, and you get:
torvalds@ppc970:~/v2.6/linux> git diff-index HEAD
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ not up-to-date and may contain new stuff. The all-zero sha1 means that to
get the real diff, you need to look at the object in the working directory
directly rather than do an object-to-object diff.
NOTE: As with other commands of this type, 'git-diff-index' does not
NOTE: As with other commands of this type, 'git diff-index' does not
actually look at the contents of the file at all. So maybe
`kernel/sched.c` hasn't actually changed, and it's just that you
touched it. In either case, it's a note that you need to
'git-update-index' it to make the index be in sync.
'git update-index' it to make the index be in sync.
NOTE: You can have a mixture of files show up as "has been updated"
and "is still dirty in the working directory" together. You can always

10
Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt
View File

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.
If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents
(see --stdin below).
Note that 'git-diff-tree' can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.
Note that 'git diff-tree' can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.
OPTIONS
-------
@@ -67,25 +67,25 @@ The following flags further affect the behavior when comparing
commits (but not trees).
-m::
By default, 'git-diff-tree --stdin' does not show
By default, 'git diff-tree --stdin' does not show
differences for merge commits. With this flag, it shows
differences to that commit from all of its parents. See
also '-c'.
-s::
By default, 'git-diff-tree --stdin' shows differences,
By default, 'git diff-tree --stdin' shows differences,
either in machine-readable form (without '-p') or in patch
form (with '-p'). This output can be suppressed. It is
only useful with '-v' flag.
-v::
This flag causes 'git-diff-tree --stdin' to also show
This flag causes 'git diff-tree --stdin' to also show
the commit message before the differences.
include::pretty-options.txt[]
--no-commit-id::
'git-diff-tree' outputs a line with the commit ID when
'git diff-tree' outputs a line with the commit ID when
applicable. This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
-c::

4
Documentation/git-diff.txt
View File

@@ -157,6 +157,10 @@ $ git diff -R <2>
rewrites (very expensive).
<2> Output diff in reverse.
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-difftool[1]::
Show changes using common diff tools
Author
------

35
Documentation/git-difftool.txt
View File

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ git-difftool - Show changes using common diff tools
SYNOPSIS
--------
'git difftool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [<'git diff' options>]
'git difftool' [<options>] <commit>{0,2} [--] [<path>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
'git-difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
between revisions using common diff tools. 'git difftool' is a frontend
to 'git-diff' and accepts the same options and arguments.
to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments.
OPTIONS
-------
@@ -31,25 +31,25 @@ OPTIONS
Use the diff tool specified by <tool>.
Valid merge tools are:
kdiff3, kompare, tkdiff, meld, xxdiff, emerge, vimdiff, gvimdiff,
ecmerge, diffuse, opendiff and araxis.
ecmerge, diffuse, opendiff, p4merge and araxis.
+
If a diff tool is not specified, 'git-difftool'
If a diff tool is not specified, 'git difftool'
will use the configuration variable `diff.tool`. If the
configuration variable `diff.tool` is not set, 'git-difftool'
configuration variable `diff.tool` is not set, 'git difftool'
will pick a suitable default.
+
You can explicitly provide a full path to the tool by setting the
configuration variable `difftool.<tool>.path`. For example, you
can configure the absolute path to kdiff3 by setting
`difftool.kdiff3.path`. Otherwise, 'git-difftool' assumes the
`difftool.kdiff3.path`. Otherwise, 'git difftool' assumes the
tool is available in PATH.
+
Instead of running one of the known diff tools,
'git-difftool' can be customized to run an alternative program
'git difftool' can be customized to run an alternative program
by specifying the command line to invoke in a configuration
variable `difftool.<tool>.cmd`.
+
When 'git-difftool' is invoked with this tool (either through the
When 'git difftool' is invoked with this tool (either through the
`-t` or `--tool` option or the `diff.tool` configuration variable)
the configured command line will be invoked with the following
variables available: `$LOCAL` is set to the name of the temporary
@@ -58,16 +58,31 @@ is set to the name of the temporary file containing the contents
of the diff post-image. `$BASE` is provided for compatibility
with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$LOCAL`.
-x <command>::
--extcmd=<command>::
Specify a custom command for viewing diffs.
'git-difftool' ignores the configured defaults and runs
`$command $LOCAL $REMOTE` when this option is specified.
-g::
--gui::
When 'git-difftool' is invoked with the `-g` or `--gui` option
the default diff tool will be read from the configured
`diff.guitool` variable instead of `diff.tool`.
See linkgit:git-diff[1] for the full list of supported options.
CONFIG VARIABLES
----------------
'git-difftool' falls back to 'git-mergetool' config variables when the
'git difftool' falls back to 'git mergetool' config variables when the
difftool equivalents have not been defined.
diff.tool::
The default diff tool to use.
diff.guitool::
The default diff tool to use when `--gui` is specified.
difftool.<tool>.path::
Override the path for the given tool. This is useful in case
your tool is not in the PATH.

12
Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
View File

@@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped
into 'git-fast-import'.
into 'git fast-import'.
You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see
linkgit:git-bundle[1]), or as a kind of an interactive
'git-filter-branch'.
'git filter-branch'.
OPTIONS
-------
--progress=<n>::
Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
'git-fast-import' during import.
'git fast-import' during import.
--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|strip|abort)::
Specify how to handle signed tags. Since any transformation
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ marks the same across runs.
already contains the necessary objects.
[git-rev-list-args...]::
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git-rev-parse' and
'git-rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
to export. For example, `master\~10..master` causes the
current master reference to be exported along with all objects
added since its 10th ancestor commit.
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ referenced by that revision range contains the string
Limitations
-----------
Since 'git-fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
able to export the linux-2.6.git repository completely, as it contains
a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.

150
Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
View File

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
This program is usually not what the end user wants to run directly.
Most end users want to use one of the existing frontend programs,
which parses a specific type of foreign source and feeds the contents
stored there to 'git-fast-import'.
stored there to 'git fast-import'.
fast-import reads a mixed command/data stream from standard input and
writes one or more packfiles directly into the current repository.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ updated branch and tag refs, fully updating the current repository
with the newly imported data.
The fast-import backend itself can import into an empty repository (one that
has already been initialized by 'git-init') or incrementally
has already been initialized by 'git init') or incrementally
update an existing populated repository. Whether or not incremental
imports are supported from a particular foreign source depends on
the frontend program in use.
@@ -75,6 +75,20 @@ OPTIONS
set of marks. If a mark is defined to different values,
the last file wins.
--relative-marks::
After specifying --relative-marks= the paths specified
with --import-marks= and --export-marks= are relative
to an internal directory in the current repository.
In git-fast-import this means that the paths are relative
to the .git/info/fast-import directory. However, other
importers may use a different location.
--no-relative-marks::
Negates a previous --relative-marks. Allows for combining
relative and non-relative marks by interweaving
--(no-)-relative-marks= with the --(import|export)-marks=
options.
--export-pack-edges=<file>::
After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
<file> listing the filename of the packfile and the last
@@ -82,7 +96,7 @@ OPTIONS
This information may be useful after importing projects
whose total object set exceeds the 4 GiB packfile limit,
as these commits can be used as edge points during calls
to 'git-pack-objects'.
to 'git pack-objects'.
--quiet::
Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
@@ -124,9 +138,9 @@ an ideal situation, given that most conversion tools are throw-away
Parallel Operation
------------------
Like 'git-push' or 'git-fetch', imports handled by fast-import are safe to
Like 'git push' or 'git fetch', imports handled by fast-import are safe to
run alongside parallel `git repack -a -d` or `git gc` invocations,
or any other Git operation (including 'git-prune', as loose objects
or any other Git operation (including 'git prune', as loose objects
are never used by fast-import).
fast-import does not lock the branch or tag refs it is actively importing.
@@ -220,7 +234,7 @@ variation in formatting will cause fast-import to reject the value.
+
An example value is ``Tue Feb 6 11:22:18 2007 -0500''. The Git
parser is accurate, but a little on the lenient side. It is the
same parser used by 'git-am' when applying patches
same parser used by 'git am' when applying patches
received from email.
+
Some malformed strings may be accepted as valid dates. In some of
@@ -256,7 +270,7 @@ timezone.
This particular format is supplied as its short to implement and
may be useful to a process that wants to create a new commit
right now, without needing to use a working directory or
'git-update-index'.
'git update-index'.
+
If separate `author` and `committer` commands are used in a `commit`
the timestamps may not match, as the system clock will be polled
@@ -303,6 +317,15 @@ and control the current import process. More detailed discussion
standard output. This command is optional and is not needed
to perform an import.
`feature`::
Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or
abort if it does not.
`option`::
Specify any of the options listed under OPTIONS that do not
change stream semantic to suit the frontend's needs. This
command is optional and is not needed to perform an import.
`commit`
~~~~~~~~
Create or update a branch with a new commit, recording one logical
@@ -311,12 +334,12 @@ change to the project.
....
'commit' SP <ref> LF
mark?
('author' SP <name> SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
'committer' SP <name> SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
data
('from' SP <committish> LF)?
('merge' SP <committish> LF)?
(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall)*
(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
LF?
....
@@ -339,14 +362,13 @@ commit message use a 0 length data. Commit messages are free-form
and are not interpreted by Git. Currently they must be encoded in
UTF-8, as fast-import does not permit other encodings to be specified.
Zero or more `filemodify`, `filedelete`, `filecopy`, `filerename`
and `filedeleteall` commands
Zero or more `filemodify`, `filedelete`, `filecopy`, `filerename`,
`filedeleteall` and `notemodify` commands
may be included to update the contents of the branch prior to
creating the commit. These commands may be supplied in any order.
However it is recommended that a `filedeleteall` command precede
all `filemodify`, `filecopy` and `filerename` commands in the same
commit, as `filedeleteall`
wipes the branch clean (see below).
all `filemodify`, `filecopy`, `filerename` and `notemodify` commands in
the same commit, as `filedeleteall` wipes the branch clean (see below).
The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
@@ -595,6 +617,40 @@ more memory per active branch (less than 1 MiB for even most large
projects); so frontends that can easily obtain only the affected
paths for a commit are encouraged to do so.
`notemodify`
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Included in a `commit` command to add a new note (annotating a given
commit) or change the content of an existing note. This command has
two different means of specifying the content of the note.
External data format::
The data content for the note was already supplied by a prior
`blob` command. The frontend just needs to connect it to the
commit that is to be annotated.
+
....
'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF
....
+
Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
set by a prior `blob` command, or a full 40-byte SHA-1 of an
existing Git blob object.
Inline data format::
The data content for the note has not been supplied yet.
The frontend wants to supply it as part of this modify
command.
+
....
'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF
data
....
+
See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification
expressions also accepted by `from` (see above).
`mark`
~~~~~~
Arranges for fast-import to save a reference to the current object, allowing
@@ -624,7 +680,7 @@ lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below.
....
'tag' SP <name> LF
'from' SP <committish> LF
'tagger' SP <name> SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
data
....
@@ -657,7 +713,7 @@ recommended, as the frontend does not (easily) have access to the
complete set of bytes which normally goes into such a signature.
If signing is required, create lightweight tags from within fast-import with
`reset`, then create the annotated versions of those tags offline
with the standard 'git-tag' process.
with the standard 'git tag' process.
`reset`
~~~~~~~
@@ -813,6 +869,62 @@ Placing a `progress` command immediately after a `checkpoint` will
inform the reader when the `checkpoint` has been completed and it
can safely access the refs that fast-import updated.
`feature`
~~~~~~~~~
Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or abort if
it does not.
....
'feature' SP <feature> LF
....
The <feature> part of the command may be any string matching
^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z-]*$ and should be understood by fast-import.
Feature work identical as their option counterparts with the
exception of the import-marks feature, see below.
The following features are currently supported:
* date-format
* import-marks
* export-marks
* relative-marks
* no-relative-marks
* force
The import-marks behaves differently from when it is specified as
commandline option in that only one "feature import-marks" is allowed
per stream. Also, any --import-marks= specified on the commandline
will override those from the stream (if any).
`option`
~~~~~~~~
Processes the specified option so that git fast-import behaves in a
way that suits the frontend's needs.
Note that options specified by the frontend are overridden by any
options the user may specify to git fast-import itself.
....
'option' SP <option> LF
....
The `<option>` part of the command may contain any of the options
listed in the OPTIONS section that do not change import semantics,
without the leading '--' and is treated in the same way.
Option commands must be the first commands on the input (not counting
feature commands), to give an option command after any non-option
command is an error.
The following commandline options change import semantics and may therefore
not be passed as option:
* date-format
* import-marks
* export-marks
* force
Crash Reports
-------------
If fast-import is supplied invalid input it will terminate with a
@@ -958,7 +1070,7 @@ is not `refs/heads/TAG_FIXUP`).
When committing fixups, consider using `merge` to connect the
commit(s) which are supplying file revisions to the fixup branch.
Doing so will allow tools such as 'git-blame' to track
Doing so will allow tools such as 'git blame' to track
through the real commit history and properly annotate the source
files.
@@ -987,7 +1099,7 @@ Repacking Historical Data
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you are repacking very old imported data (e.g. older than the
last year), consider expending some extra CPU time and supplying
\--window=50 (or higher) when you run 'git-repack'.
\--window=50 (or higher) when you run 'git repack'.
This will take longer, but will also produce a smaller packfile.
You only need to expend the effort once, and everyone using your
project will benefit from the smaller repository.

6
Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
View File

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Usually you would want to use 'git-fetch', which is a
Usually you would want to use 'git fetch', which is a
higher level wrapper of this command, instead.
Invokes 'git-upload-pack' on a possibly remote repository
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ OPTIONS
-q::
--quiet::
Pass '-q' flag to 'git-unpack-objects'; this makes the
Pass '-q' flag to 'git unpack-objects'; this makes the
cloning process less verbose.
-k::
--keep::
Do not invoke 'git-unpack-objects' on received data, but
Do not invoke 'git unpack-objects' on received data, but
create a single packfile out of it instead, and store it
in the object database. If provided twice then the pack is
locked against repacking.

45
Documentation/git-fetch.txt
View File

@@ -10,15 +10,21 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
'git fetch' <options> <repository> <refspec>...
'git fetch' <options> <group>
'git fetch' --multiple <options> [<repository> | <group>]...
'git fetch' --all <options>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Fetches named heads or tags from another repository, along with
the objects necessary to complete them.
Fetches named heads or tags from one or more other repositories,
along with the objects necessary to complete them.
The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored
in `.git/FETCH_HEAD`. This information is left for a later merge
operation done by 'git-merge'.
operation done by 'git merge'.
When <refspec> stores the fetched result in tracking branches,
the tags that point at these branches are automatically
@@ -28,6 +34,10 @@ pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch
those missing tags. If the other end has tags that point at
branches you are not interested in, you will not get them.
'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository, or
or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and
there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file.
(See linkgit:git-config[1]).
OPTIONS
-------
@@ -37,6 +47,35 @@ include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
include::urls-remotes.txt[]
EXAMPLES
--------
* Update the remote-tracking branches:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch origin
------------------------------------------------
+
The above command copies all branches from the remote refs/heads/
namespace and stores them to the local refs/remotes/origin/ namespace,
unless the branch.<name>.fetch option is used to specify a non-default
refspec.
* Using refspecs explicitly:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch origin +pu:pu maint:tmp
------------------------------------------------
+
This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches `pu` and `tmp` in
the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
`pu` and `maint` from the remote repository.
+
The `pu` branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward,
because it is prefixed with a plus sign; `tmp` will not be.
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-pull[1]

37
Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
View File

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ OPTIONS
--commit-filter <command>::
This is the filter for performing the commit.
If this filter is specified, it will be called instead of the
'git-commit-tree' command, with arguments of the form
'git commit-tree' command, with arguments of the form
"<TREE_ID> [-p <PARENT_COMMIT_ID>]..." and the log message on
stdin. The commit id is expected on stdout.
+
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ have all of them as parents.
You can use the 'map' convenience function in this filter, and other
convenience functions, too. For example, calling 'skip_commit "$@"'
will leave out the current commit (but not its changes! If you want
that, use 'git-rebase' instead).
that, use 'git rebase' instead).
+
You can also use the 'git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@"' instead of
'git commit-tree "$@"' if you don't wish to keep commits with a single parent
You can also use the `git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@"` instead of
`git commit-tree "$@"` if you don't wish to keep commits with a single parent
and that makes no change to the tree.
--tag-name-filter <command>::
@@ -159,7 +159,18 @@ to other tags will be rewritten to point to the underlying commit.
--subdirectory-filter <directory>::
Only look at the history which touches the given subdirectory.
The result will contain that directory (and only that) as its
project root.
project root. Implies --remap-to-ancestor.
--remap-to-ancestor::
Rewrite refs to the nearest rewritten ancestor instead of
ignoring them.
+
Normally, positive refs on the command line are only changed if the
commit they point to was rewritten. However, you can limit the extent
of this rewriting by using linkgit:rev-list[1] arguments, e.g., path
limiters. Refs pointing to such excluded commits would then normally
be ignored. With this option, they are instead rewritten to point at
the nearest ancestor that was not excluded.
--prune-empty::
Some kind of filters will generate empty commits, that left the tree
@@ -168,7 +179,7 @@ to other tags will be rewritten to point to the underlying commit.
and only one parent, it will hence keep merges points. Also, this
option is not compatible with the use of '--commit-filter'. Though you
just need to use the function 'git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@"' instead
of the 'git commit-tree "$@"' idiom in your commit filter to make that
of the `git commit-tree "$@"` idiom in your commit filter to make that
happen.
--original <namespace>::
@@ -185,15 +196,15 @@ to other tags will be rewritten to point to the underlying commit.
-f::
--force::
'git-filter-branch' refuses to start with an existing temporary
'git filter-branch' refuses to start with an existing temporary
directory or when there are already refs starting with
'refs/original/', unless forced.
<rev-list options>...::
Arguments for 'git-rev-list'. All positive refs included by
Arguments for 'git rev-list'. All positive refs included by
these options are rewritten. You may also specify options
such as '--all', but you must use '--' to separate them from
the 'git-filter-branch' options.
the 'git filter-branch' options.
Examples
@@ -210,7 +221,7 @@ However, if the file is absent from the tree of some commit,
a simple `rm filename` will fail for that tree and commit.
Thus you may instead want to use `rm -f filename` as the script.
Using `\--index-filter` with 'git-rm' yields a significantly faster
Using `\--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster
version. Like with using `rm filename`, `git rm --cached filename`
will fail if the file is absent from the tree of a commit. If you
want to "completely forget" a file, it does not matter when it entered
@@ -292,7 +303,7 @@ and all children of the merge will become merge commits with P1,P2
as their parents instead of the merge commit.
You can rewrite the commit log messages using `--msg-filter`. For
example, 'git-svn-id' strings in a repository created by 'git-svn' can
example, 'git svn-id' strings in a repository created by 'git svn' can
be removed this way:
-------------------------------------------------------
@@ -303,7 +314,7 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter '
To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
range in addition to the new branch name. The new branch name will
point to the top-most revision that a 'git-rev-list' of this range
point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
will print.
If you need to add 'Acked-by' lines to, say, the last 10 commits (none
@@ -319,7 +330,7 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter '
*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
interactive mode of 'git-rebase'.
interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
Consider this history:

2
Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
View File

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
-----------
Takes the list of merged objects on stdin and produces a suitable
commit message to be used for the merge commit, usually to be
passed as the '<merge-message>' argument of 'git-merge'.
passed as the '<merge-message>' argument of 'git merge'.
This command is intended mostly for internal use by scripts
automatically invoking 'git merge'.

2
Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
View File

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ objecttype::
The type of the object (`blob`, `tree`, `commit`, `tag`).
objectsize::
The size of the object (the same as 'git-cat-file -s' reports).
The size of the object (the same as 'git cat-file -s' reports).
objectname::
The object name (aka SHA-1).

50
Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
View File

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
Prepare each commit with its patch in
one file per commit, formatted to resemble UNIX mailbox format.
The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or
for use with 'git-am'.
for use with 'git am'.
There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.
@@ -43,28 +43,28 @@ There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.
The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>. To
apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of
history up until <commit>, use the '\--root' option: "git format-patch
\--root <commit>". If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
can do this with "git format-patch -1 <commit>".
history up until <commit>, use the '\--root' option: `git format-patch
\--root <commit>`. If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
can do this with `git format-patch -1 <commit>`.
By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the
first line of the commit message (massaged for pathname safety) as
the filename. With the --numbered-files option, the output file names
the filename. With the `--numbered-files` option, the output file names
will only be numbers, without the first line of the commit appended.
The names of the output files are printed to standard
output, unless the --stdout option is specified.
output, unless the `--stdout` option is specified.
If -o is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise
If `-o` is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise
they are created in the current working directory.
By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] First Line" and
the subject when multiple patches are output is "[PATCH n/m] First
Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use -n. To omit
patch numbers from the subject, use -N
Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`. To omit
patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
If given --thread, 'git-format-patch' will generate In-Reply-To and
References headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
as replies to the first mail; this also generates a Message-Id header to
If given `--thread`, `git-format-patch` will generate `In-Reply-To` and
`References` headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
as replies to the first mail; this also generates a `Message-Id` header to
reference.
OPTIONS
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
--attach[=<boundary>]::
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
second part, with "Content-Disposition: attachment".
second part, with `Content-Disposition: attachment`.
--no-attach::
Disable the creation of an attachment, overriding the
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
--inline[=<boundary>]::
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
second part, with "Content-Disposition: inline".
second part, with `Content-Disposition: inline`.
--thread[=<style>]::
--no-thread::
Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers to
Controls addition of `In-Reply-To` and `References` headers to
make the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the
first. Also controls generation of the Message-Id header to
first. Also controls generation of the `Message-Id` header to
reference.
+
The optional <style> argument can be either `shallow` or `deep`.
@@ -136,16 +136,16 @@ series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order. 'deep'
threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
+
The default is --no-thread, unless the 'format.thread' configuration
is set. If --thread is specified without a style, it defaults to the
The default is `--no-thread`, unless the 'format.thread' configuration
is set. If `--thread` is specified without a style, it defaults to the
style specified by 'format.thread' if any, or else `shallow`.
+
Beware that the default for 'git send-email' is to thread emails
itself. If you want 'git format-patch' to take care of hreading, you
will want to ensure that threading is disabled for 'git send-email'.
itself. If you want `git format-patch` to take care of threading, you
will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
--in-reply-to=Message-Id::
Make the first mail (or all the mails with --no-thread) appear as a
Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
provide a new patch series.
@@ -160,16 +160,16 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for 'git send-email'.
Instead of the standard '[PATCH]' prefix in the subject
line, instead use '[<Subject-Prefix>]'. This
allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
combined with the --numbered option.
combined with the `--numbered` option.
--cc=<email>::
Add a "Cc:" header to the email headers. This is in addition
Add a `Cc:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
--add-header=<header>::
Add an arbitrary header to the email headers. This is in addition
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
For example, --add-header="Organization: git-foo"
For example, `--add-header="Organization: git-foo"`
--cover-letter::
In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ EXAMPLES
--------
* Extract commits between revisions R1 and R2, and apply them on top of
the current branch using 'git-am' to cherry-pick them:
the current branch using 'git am' to cherry-pick them:
+
------------
$ git format-patch -k --stdout R1..R2 | git am -3 -k

9
Documentation/git-fsck.txt
View File

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git fsck' [--tags] [--root] [--unreachable] [--cache] [--no-reflogs]
[--full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found] [<object>*]
[--[no-]full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found] [<object>*]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ OPTIONS
<object>::
An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.
+
If no objects are given, 'git-fsck' defaults to using the
If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the
index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
--no-reflogs is given) as heads.
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates,
and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate
object pools.
object pools. This is now default; you can turn it off
with --no-full.
--strict::
Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ So for example
will do quite a _lot_ of verification on the tree. There are a few
extra validity tests to be added (make sure that tree objects are
sorted properly etc), but on the whole if 'git-fsck' is happy, you
sorted properly etc), but on the whole if 'git fsck' is happy, you
do have a valid tree.
Any corrupt objects you will have to find in backups or other archives

22
Documentation/git-gc.txt
View File

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
Runs a number of housekeeping tasks within the current repository,
such as compressing file revisions (to reduce disk space and increase
performance) and removing unreachable objects which may have been
created from prior invocations of 'git-add'.
created from prior invocations of 'git add'.
Users are encouraged to run this task on a regular basis within
each repository to maintain good disk space utilization and good
operating performance.
Some git commands may automatically run 'git-gc'; see the `--auto` flag
Some git commands may automatically run 'git gc'; see the `--auto` flag
below for details. If you know what you're doing and all you want is to
disable this behavior permanently without further considerations, just do:
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ OPTIONS
-------
--aggressive::
Usually 'git-gc' runs very quickly while providing good disk
Usually 'git gc' runs very quickly while providing good disk
space utilization and performance. This option will cause
'git-gc' to more aggressively optimize the repository at the expense
'git gc' to more aggressively optimize the repository at the expense
of taking much more time. The effects of this optimization are
persistent, so this option only needs to be used occasionally; every
few hundred changesets or so.
--auto::
With this option, 'git-gc' checks whether any housekeeping is
With this option, 'git gc' checks whether any housekeeping is
required; if not, it exits without performing any work.
Some git commands run `git gc --auto` after performing
operations that could create many loose objects.
@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ Housekeeping is required if there are too many loose objects or
too many packs in the repository. If the number of loose objects
exceeds the value of the `gc.auto` configuration variable, then
all loose objects are combined into a single pack using
'git-repack -d -l'. Setting the value of `gc.auto` to 0
`git repack -d -l`. Setting the value of `gc.auto` to 0
disables automatic packing of loose objects.
+
If the number of packs exceeds the value of `gc.autopacklimit`,
then existing packs (except those marked with a `.keep` file)
are consolidated into a single pack by using the `-A` option of
'git-repack'. Setting `gc.autopacklimit` to 0 disables
'git repack'. Setting `gc.autopacklimit` to 0 disables
automatic consolidation of packs.
--prune=<date>::
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ how long records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
kept. This defaults to 15 days.
The optional configuration variable 'gc.packrefs' determines if
'git-gc' runs 'git-pack-refs'. This can be set to "nobare" to enable
'git gc' runs 'git pack-refs'. This can be set to "nobare" to enable
it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a boolean value.
This defaults to true.
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ default is "2 weeks ago".
Notes
-----
'git-gc' tries very hard to be safe about the garbage it collects. In
'git gc' tries very hard to be safe about the garbage it collects. In
particular, it will keep not only objects referenced by your current set
of branches and tags, but also objects referenced by the index, remote
tracking branches, refs saved by 'git-filter-branch' in
refs/original/, or reflogs (which may references commits in branches
tracking branches, refs saved by 'git filter-branch' in
refs/original/, or reflogs (which may reference commits in branches
that were later amended or rewound).
If you are expecting some objects to be collected and they aren't, check

6
Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt
View File

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Acts as a filter, extracting the commit ID stored in archives created by
'git-archive'. It reads only the first 1024 bytes of input, thus its
'git archive'. It reads only the first 1024 bytes of input, thus its
runtime is not influenced by the size of <tarfile> very much.
If no commit ID is found, 'git-get-tar-commit-id' quietly exists with a
If no commit ID is found, 'git get-tar-commit-id' quietly exists with a
return code of 1. This can happen if <tarfile> had not been created
using 'git-archive' or if the first parameter of 'git-archive' had been
using 'git archive' or if the first parameter of 'git archive' had been
a tree ID instead of a commit ID or tag.

2
Documentation/git-grep.txt
View File

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ OPTIONS
--files-without-match::
Instead of showing every matched line, show only the
names of files that contain (or do not contain) matches.
For better compatibility with 'git-diff', --name-only is a
For better compatibility with 'git diff', --name-only is a
synonym for --files-with-matches.
-z::

20
Documentation/git-gui.txt
View File

@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
A Tcl/Tk based graphical user interface to Git. 'git-gui' focuses
A Tcl/Tk based graphical user interface to Git. 'git gui' focuses
on allowing users to make changes to their repository by making
new commits, amending existing ones, creating branches, performing
local merges, and fetching/pushing to remote repositories.
Unlike 'gitk', 'git-gui' focuses on commit generation
Unlike 'gitk', 'git gui' focuses on commit generation
and single file annotation and does not show project history.
It does however supply menu actions to start a 'gitk' session from
within 'git-gui'.
within 'git gui'.
'git-gui' is known to work on all popular UNIX systems, Mac OS X,
'git gui' is known to work on all popular UNIX systems, Mac OS X,
and Windows (under both Cygwin and MSYS). To the extent possible
OS specific user interface guidelines are followed, making 'git-gui'
OS specific user interface guidelines are followed, making 'git gui'
a fairly native interface for users.
COMMANDS
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ browser::
browser are opened in the blame viewer.
citool::
Start 'git-gui' and arrange to make exactly one commit before
Start 'git gui' and arrange to make exactly one commit before
exiting and returning to the shell. The interface is limited
to only commit actions, slightly reducing the application's
startup time and simplifying the menubar.
version::
Display the currently running version of 'git-gui'.
Display the currently running version of 'git gui'.
Examples
@@ -103,15 +103,15 @@ SEE ALSO
linkgit:gitk[1]::
The git repository browser. Shows branches, commit history
and file differences. gitk is the utility started by
'git-gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
Other
-----
'git-gui' is actually maintained as an independent project, but stable
'git gui' is actually maintained as an independent project, but stable
versions are distributed as part of the Git suite for the convenience
of end users.
A 'git-gui' development repository can be obtained from:
A 'git gui' development repository can be obtained from:
git clone git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git

2
Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
View File

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Computes the object ID value for an object with specified type
with the contents of the named file (which can be outside of the
work tree), and optionally writes the resulting object into the
object database. Reports its object ID to its standard output.
This is used by 'git-cvsimport' to update the index
This is used by 'git cvsimport' to update the index
without modifying files in the work tree. When <type> is not
specified, it defaults to "blob".

8
Documentation/git-help.txt
View File

@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ other display programs (see below).
+
The web browser can be specified using the configuration variable
'help.browser', or 'web.browser' if the former is not set. If none of
these config variables is set, the 'git-web--browse' helper script
(called by 'git-help') will pick a suitable default. See
these config variables is set, the 'git web--browse' helper script
(called by 'git help') will pick a suitable default. See
linkgit:git-web--browse[1] for more information about this.
CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ help.format
If no command line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration
variable will be checked. The following values are supported for this
variable; they make 'git-help' behave as their corresponding command
variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command
line option:
* "man" corresponds to '-m|--man',
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ man.<tool>.path
You can explicitly provide a full path to your preferred man viewer by
setting the configuration variable 'man.<tool>.path'. For example, you
can configure the absolute path to konqueror by setting
'man.konqueror.path'. Otherwise, 'git-help' assumes the tool is
'man.konqueror.path'. Otherwise, 'git help' assumes the tool is
available in PATH.
man.<tool>.cmd

188
Documentation/git-http-backend.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
git-http-backend(1)
===================
NAME
----
git-http-backend - Server side implementation of Git over HTTP
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git http-backend'
DESCRIPTION
-----------
A simple CGI program to serve the contents of a Git repository to Git
clients accessing the repository over http:// and https:// protocols.
The program supports clients fetching using both the smart HTTP protcol
and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
It verifies that the directory has the magic file
"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
By default, only the `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients, which are invoked from
'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'. If the client is authenticated,
the `receive-pack` service is enabled, which serves 'git send-pack'
clients, which is invoked from 'git push'.
SERVICES
--------
These services can be enabled/disabled using the per-repository
configuration file:
http.getanyfile::
This serves older Git clients which are unable to use the
upload pack service. When enabled, clients are able to read
any file within the repository, including objects that are
no longer reachable from a branch but are still present.
It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
by setting this configuration item to `false`.
http.uploadpack::
This serves 'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients.
It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
by setting this configuration item to `false`.
http.receivepack::
This serves 'git send-pack' clients, allowing push. It is
disabled by default for anonymous users, and enabled by
default for users authenticated by the web server. It can be
disabled by setting this item to `false`, or enabled for all
users, including anonymous users, by setting it to `true`.
URL TRANSLATION
---------------
To determine the location of the repository on disk, 'git http-backend'
concatenates the environment variables PATH_INFO, which is set
automatically by the web server, and GIT_PROJECT_ROOT, which must be set
manually in the web server configuration. If GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is not
set, 'git http-backend' reads PATH_TRANSLATED, which is also set
automatically by the web server.
EXAMPLES
--------
All of the following examples map 'http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git'
to '/var/www/git/foo/bar.git'.
Apache 2.x::
Ensure mod_cgi, mod_alias, and mod_env are enabled, set
GIT_PROJECT_ROOT (or DocumentRoot) appropriately, and
create a ScriptAlias to the CGI:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
----------------------------------------------------------------
+
To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
<LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Git Access"
Require group committers
...
</LocationMatch>
----------------------------------------------------------------
+
To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
<Location /git/private>
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Private Git Access"
Require group committers
...
</Location>
----------------------------------------------------------------
+
To serve gitweb at the same url, use a ScriptAliasMatch to only
those URLs that 'git http-backend' can handle, and forward the
rest to gitweb:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
ScriptAliasMatch \
"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
info/refs | \
objects/(info/[^/]+ | \
[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \
pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \
git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
----------------------------------------------------------------
Accelerated static Apache 2.x::
Similar to the above, but Apache can be used to return static
files that are stored on disk. On many systems this may
be more efficient as Apache can ask the kernel to copy the
file contents from the file system directly to the network:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
----------------------------------------------------------------
+
This can be combined with the gitweb configuration:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
ScriptAliasMatch \
"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
info/refs | \
objects/info/[^/]+ | \
git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
----------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENT
-----------
'git http-backend' relies upon the CGI environment variables set
by the invoking web server, including:
* PATH_INFO (if GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set, otherwise PATH_TRANSLATED)
* REMOTE_USER
* REMOTE_ADDR
* CONTENT_TYPE
* QUERY_STRING
* REQUEST_METHOD
The GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable may be passed to
'git-http-backend' to bypass the check for the "git-daemon-export-ok"
file in each repository before allowing export of that repository.
The backend process sets GIT_COMMITTER_NAME to '$REMOTE_USER' and
GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL to '$\{REMOTE_USER}@http.$\{REMOTE_ADDR\}',
ensuring that any reflogs created by 'git-receive-pack' contain some
identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.
All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks
invoked by the 'git-receive-pack'.
Author
------
Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
Documentation
--------------
Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

2
Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
View File

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ commit-id::
--stdin::
Instead of a commit id on the command line (which is not expected in this
case), 'git-http-fetch' expects lines on stdin in the format
case), 'git http-fetch' expects lines on stdin in the format
<commit-id>['\t'<filename-as-in--w>]

4
Documentation/git-http-push.txt
View File

@@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ destination side.
Without '--force', the <src> ref is stored at the remote only if
<dst> does not exist, or <dst> is a proper subset (i.e. an
ancestor) of <src>. This check, known as "fast forward check",
ancestor) of <src>. This check, known as "fast-forward check",
is performed in order to avoid accidentally overwriting the
remote ref and lose other peoples' commits from there.
With '--force', the fast forward check is disabled for all refs.
With '--force', the fast-forward check is disabled for all refs.
Optionally, a <ref> parameter can be prefixed with a plus '+' sign
to disable the fast-forward check only on that ref.

2
Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
View File

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This command uploads a mailbox generated with 'git-format-patch'
This command uploads a mailbox generated with 'git format-patch'
into an IMAP drafts folder. This allows patches to be sent as
other email is when using mail clients that cannot read mailbox
files directly.

8
Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
View File

@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ OPTIONS
a default name determined from the pack content. If
<pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to
prevent a race condition between this process and
'git-repack'.
'git repack'.
--fix-thin::
It is possible for 'git-pack-objects' to build
It is possible for 'git pack-objects' to build
"thin" pack, which records objects in deltified form based on
objects not included in the pack to reduce network traffic.
Those objects are expected to be present on the receiving end
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ OPTIONS
Before moving the index into its final destination
create an empty .keep file for the associated pack file.
This option is usually necessary with --stdin to prevent a
simultaneous 'git-repack' process from deleting
simultaneous 'git repack' process from deleting
the newly constructed pack and index before refs can be
updated to use objects contained in the pack.
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
and the SHA1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
.keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git-repack'
.keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
mentioned above.

6
Documentation/git-init.txt
View File

@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ If the object storage directory is specified via the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`
environment variable then the sha1 directories are created underneath -
otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory is used.
Running 'git-init' in an existing repository is safe. It will not overwrite
things that are already there. The primary reason for rerunning 'git-init'
Running 'git init' in an existing repository is safe. It will not overwrite
things that are already there. The primary reason for rerunning 'git init'
is to pick up newly added templates.
Note that 'git-init' is the same as 'git-init-db'. The command
Note that 'git init' is the same as 'git init-db'. The command
was primarily meant to initialize the object database, but over
time it has become responsible for setting up the other aspects
of the repository, such as installing the default hooks and

2
Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
View File

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ OPTIONS
-b::
--browser::
The web browser that should be used to view the gitweb
page. This will be passed to the 'git-web--browse' helper
page. This will be passed to the 'git web--browse' helper
script along with the URL of the gitweb instance. See
linkgit:git-web--browse[1] for more information about this. If
the script fails, the URL will be printed to stdout.

15
Documentation/git-log.txt
View File

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
-----------
Shows the commit logs.
The command takes options applicable to the 'git-rev-list'
The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list'
command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
the 'git-diff-*' commands to control how the changes
the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes
each commit introduces are shown.
@@ -107,6 +107,17 @@ git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c::
those commits that occurred before the file was given its
present name.
git log --branches --not --remotes=origin::
Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
any of remote tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
origin doesn't).
git log master --not --remotes=*/master::
Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
repository master branches.
Discussion
----------

15
Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
View File

@@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ OPTIONS
-i::
--ignored::
Show ignored files in the output.
Note that this also reverses any exclude list present.
Show only ignored files in the output. When showing files in the
index, print only those matched by an exclude pattern. When
showing "other" files, show only those matched by an exclude
pattern.
-s::
--stage::
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ OPTIONS
Identify the file status with the following tags (followed by
a space) at the start of each line:
H:: cached
S:: skip-worktree
M:: unmerged
R:: removed/deleted
C:: modified/changed
@@ -138,12 +141,12 @@ OPTIONS
Output
------
show files just outputs the filename unless '--stage' is specified in
'git ls-files' just outputs the filenames unless '--stage' is specified in
which case it outputs:
[<tag> ]<mode> <object> <stage> <file>
'git-ls-files --unmerged' and 'git-ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
'git ls-files --unmerged' and 'git ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
detailed information on unmerged paths.
For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ respectively.
Exclude Patterns
----------------
'git-ls-files' can use a list of "exclude patterns" when
'git ls-files' can use a list of "exclude patterns" when
traversing the directory tree and finding files to show when the
flags --others or --ignored are specified. linkgit:gitignore[5]
specifies the format of exclude patterns.
@@ -176,7 +179,7 @@ These exclude patterns come from these places, in order:
in the same order they appear in the file.
3. command line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
a name of the file in each directory 'git-ls-files'
a name of the file in each directory 'git ls-files'
examines, normally `.gitignore`. Files in deeper
directories take precedence. Patterns are ordered in the
same order they appear in the files.

4
Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
View File

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ in the current working directory. Note that:
in a directory 'sub' that has a directory 'dir', you can run 'git
ls-tree -r HEAD dir' to list the contents of the tree (that is
'sub/dir' in 'HEAD'). You don't want to give a tree that is not at the
root level (e.g. 'git ls-tree -r HEAD:sub dir') in this case, as that
root level (e.g. `git ls-tree -r HEAD:sub dir`) in this case, as that
would result in asking for 'sub/sub/dir' in the 'HEAD' commit.
However, the current working directory can be ignored by passing
--full-tree option.
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Output Format
Unless the `-z` option is used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
in pathnames are represented as `\t`, `\n`, and `\\`, respectively.
This output format is compatible with what '--index-info --stdin' of
This output format is compatible with what `--index-info --stdin` of
'git update-index' expects.
When the `-l` option is used, format changes to

11
Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
View File

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-mailinfo - Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message
SYNOPSIS
--------
'git mailinfo' [-k] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
DESCRIPTION
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
Reads a single e-mail message from the standard input, and
writes the commit log message in <msg> file, and the patches in
<patch> file. The author name, e-mail and e-mail subject are
written out to the standard output to be used by 'git-am'
written out to the standard output to be used by 'git am'
to create a commit. It is usually not necessary to use this
command directly. See linkgit:git-am[1] instead.
@@ -30,7 +30,12 @@ OPTIONS
whitespaces, (3) '[' up to ']', typically '[PATCH]', and
then prepends "[PATCH] ". This flag forbids this
munging, and is most useful when used to read back
'git-format-patch -k' output.
'git format-patch -k' output.
-b::
When -k is not in effect, all leading strings bracketed with '['
and ']' pairs are stripped. This option limits the stripping to
only the pairs whose bracketed string contains the word "PATCH".
-u::
The commit log message, author name and author email are

22
Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
View File

@@ -10,20 +10,21 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]]
[-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet] <current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
[--ours|--theirs] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet]
<current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
'git-merge-file' incorporates all changes that lead from the `<base-file>`
'git merge-file' incorporates all changes that lead from the `<base-file>`
to `<other-file>` into `<current-file>`. The result ordinarily goes into
`<current-file>`. 'git-merge-file' is useful for combining separate changes
`<current-file>`. 'git merge-file' is useful for combining separate changes
to an original. Suppose `<base-file>` is the original, and both
`<current-file>` and `<other-file>` are modifications of `<base-file>`,
then 'git-merge-file' combines both changes.
then 'git merge-file' combines both changes.
A conflict occurs if both `<current-file>` and `<other-file>` have changes
in a common segment of lines. If a conflict is found, 'git-merge-file'
in a common segment of lines. If a conflict is found, 'git merge-file'
normally outputs a warning and brackets the conflict with lines containing
<<<<<<< and >>>>>>> markers. A typical conflict will look like this:
@@ -34,12 +35,14 @@ normally outputs a warning and brackets the conflict with lines containing
>>>>>>> B
If there are conflicts, the user should edit the result and delete one of
the alternatives.
the alternatives. When `--ours` or `--theirs` option is in effect, however,
these conflicts are resolved favouring lines from `<current-file>` or
lines from `<other-file>` respectively.
The exit value of this program is negative on error, and the number of
conflicts otherwise. If the merge was clean, the exit value is 0.
'git-merge-file' is designed to be a minimal clone of RCS 'merge'; that is, it
'git merge-file' is designed to be a minimal clone of RCS 'merge'; that is, it
implements all of RCS 'merge''s functionality which is needed by
linkgit:git[1].
@@ -62,6 +65,11 @@ OPTIONS
-q::
Quiet; do not warn about conflicts.
--ours::
--theirs::
Instead of leaving conflicts in the file, resolve conflicts
favouring our (or their) side of the lines.
EXAMPLES
--------

8
Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
View File

@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ OPTIONS
failure usually indicates conflicts during the merge). This is for
porcelains which might want to emit custom messages.
If 'git-merge-index' is called with multiple <file>s (or -a) then it
If 'git merge-index' is called with multiple <file>s (or -a) then it
processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit
code.
Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of
the 'merge' command from the RCS package.
A sample script called 'git-merge-one-file' is included in the
A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the
distribution.
ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ or
This is added AA in the branch B.
fatal: merge program failed
where the latter example shows how 'git-merge-index' will stop trying to
where the latter example shows how 'git merge-index' will stop trying to
merge once anything has returned an error (i.e., `cat` returned an error
for the AA file, because it didn't exist in the original, and thus
'git-merge-index' didn't even try to merge the MM thing).
'git merge-index' didn't even try to merge the MM thing).
Author
------

6
Documentation/git-merge-one-file.txt
View File

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ git-merge-one-file - The standard helper program to use with git-merge-index
SYNOPSIS
--------
'git-merge-one-file'
'git merge-one-file'
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This is the standard helper program to use with 'git-merge-index'
to resolve a merge after the trivial merge done with 'git-read-tree -m'.
This is the standard helper program to use with 'git merge-index'
to resolve a merge after the trivial merge done with 'git read-tree -m'.
Author
------

230
Documentation/git-merge.txt
View File

@@ -10,17 +10,45 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [-s <strategy>]...
[-m <msg>] <remote>...
'git merge' <msg> HEAD <remote>...
[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] <commit>...
'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This is the top-level interface to the merge machinery
which drives multiple merge strategy scripts.
Incorporates changes from the named commits (since the time their
histories diverged from the current branch) into the current
branch. This command is used by 'git pull' to incorporate changes
from another repository and can be used by hand to merge changes
from one branch into another.
The second syntax (<msg> `HEAD` <remote>) is supported for
Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
"`master`":
------------
A---B---C topic
/
D---E---F---G master
------------
Then "`git merge topic`" will replay the changes made on the
`topic` branch since it diverged from `master` (i.e., `E`) until
its current commit (`C`) on top of `master`, and record the result
in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits and
a log message from the user describing the changes.
------------
A---B---C topic
/ \
D---E---F---G---H master
------------
The second syntax (<msg> `HEAD` <commit>...) is supported for
historical reasons. Do not use it from the command line or in
new scripts. It is the same as `git merge -m <msg> <remote>`.
new scripts. It is the same as `git merge -m <msg> <commit>...`.
*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is
discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to
back out of in the case of a conflict.
OPTIONS
@@ -33,93 +61,83 @@ include::merge-options.txt[]
used to give a good default for automated 'git merge'
invocations.
<remote>...::
Other branch heads to merge into our branch. You need at
least one <remote>. Specifying more than one <remote>
obviously means you are trying an Octopus.
--rerere-autoupdate::
--no-rerere-autoupdate::
Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
include::merge-strategies.txt[]
<commit>...::
Commits, usually other branch heads, to merge into our branch.
You need at least one <commit>. Specifying more than one
<commit> obviously means you are trying an Octopus.
If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
want to start over, you can recover with 'git-reset'.
PRE-MERGE CHECKS
----------------
CONFIGURATION
-------------
include::merge-config.txt[]
Before applying outside changes, you should get your own work in
good shape and committed locally, so it will not be clobbered if
there are conflicts. See also linkgit:git-stash[1].
'git pull' and 'git merge' will stop without doing anything when
local uncommitted changes overlap with files that 'git pull'/'git
merge' may need to update.
branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
supported options are the same as those of 'git merge', but option
values containing whitespace characters are currently not supported.
To avoid recording unrelated changes in the merge commit,
'git pull' and 'git merge' will also abort if there are any changes
registered in the index relative to the `HEAD` commit. (One
exception is when the changed index entries are in the state that
would result from the merge already.)
HOW MERGE WORKS
---------------
If all named commits are already ancestors of `HEAD`, 'git merge'
will exit early with the message "Already up-to-date."
A merge is always between the current `HEAD` and one or more
commits (usually, branch head or tag), and the index file must
match the tree of `HEAD` commit (i.e. the contents of the last commit)
when it starts out. In other words, `git diff --cached HEAD` must
report no changes. (One exception is when the changed index
entries are already in the same state that would result from
the merge anyway.)
FAST-FORWARD MERGE
------------------
Three kinds of merge can happen:
Often the current branch head is an ancestor of the named commit.
This is the most common case especially when invoked from 'git
pull': you are tracking an upstream repository, you have committed
no local changes, and now you want to update to a newer upstream
revision. In this case, a new commit is not needed to store the
combined history; instead, the `HEAD` (along with the index) is
updated to point at the named commit, without creating an extra
merge commit.
* The merged commit is already contained in `HEAD`. This is the
simplest case, called "Already up-to-date."
This behavior can be suppressed with the `--no-ff` option.
* `HEAD` is already contained in the merged commit. This is the
most common case especially when invoked from 'git pull':
you are tracking an upstream repository, have committed no local
changes and now you want to update to a newer upstream revision.
Your `HEAD` (and the index) is updated to point at the merged
commit, without creating an extra merge commit. This is
called "Fast-forward".
TRUE MERGE
----------
* Both the merged commit and `HEAD` are independent and must be
tied together by a merge commit that has both of them as its parents.
The rest of this section describes this "True merge" case.
Except in a fast-forward merge (see above), the branches to be
merged must be tied together by a merge commit that has both of them
as its parents.
The chosen merge strategy merges the two commits into a single
new source tree.
When things merge cleanly, this is what happens:
A merged version reconciling the changes from all branches to be
merged is committed, and your `HEAD`, index, and working tree are
updated to it. It is possible to have modifications in the working
tree as long as they do not overlap; the update will preserve them.
1. The results are updated both in the index file and in your
working tree;
2. Index file is written out as a tree;
3. The tree gets committed; and
4. The `HEAD` pointer gets advanced.
When it is not obvious how to reconcile the changes, the following
happens:
Because of 2., we require that the original state of the index
file matches exactly the current `HEAD` commit; otherwise we
will write out your local changes already registered in your
index file along with the merge result, which is not good.
Because 1. involves only those paths differing between your
branch and the remote branch you are pulling from during the
merge (which is typically a fraction of the whole tree), you can
have local modifications in your working tree as long as they do
not overlap with what the merge updates.
When there are conflicts, the following happens:
1. `HEAD` stays the same.
2. Cleanly merged paths are updated both in the index file and
1. The `HEAD` pointer stays the same.
2. The `MERGE_HEAD` ref is set to point to the other branch head.
3. Paths that merged cleanly are updated both in the index file and
in your working tree.
3. For conflicting paths, the index file records up to three
versions; stage1 stores the version from the common ancestor,
stage2 from `HEAD`, and stage3 from the remote branch (you
4. For conflicting paths, the index file records up to three
versions: stage 1 stores the version from the common ancestor,
stage 2 from `HEAD`, and stage 3 from `MERGE_HEAD` (you
can inspect the stages with `git ls-files -u`). The working
tree files contain the result of the "merge" program; i.e. 3-way
merge results with familiar conflict markers `<<< === >>>`.
4. No other changes are done. In particular, the local
merge results with familiar conflict markers `<<<` `===` `>>>`.
5. No other changes are made. In particular, the local
modifications you had before you started merge will stay the
same and the index entries for them stay as they were,
i.e. matching `HEAD`.
If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
want to start over, you can recover with `git reset --merge`.
HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
---------------------------
@@ -189,28 +207,74 @@ After seeing a conflict, you can do two things:
* Decide not to merge. The only clean-ups you need are to reset
the index file to the `HEAD` commit to reverse 2. and to clean
up working tree changes made by 2. and 3.; 'git-reset --hard' can
up working tree changes made by 2. and 3.; `git-reset --hard` can
be used for this.
* Resolve the conflicts. Git will mark the conflicts in
the working tree. Edit the files into shape and
'git-add' them to the index. Use 'git-commit' to seal the deal.
'git add' them to the index. Use 'git commit' to seal the deal.
You can work through the conflict with a number of tools:
* Use a mergetool. 'git mergetool' to launch a graphical
* Use a mergetool. `git mergetool` to launch a graphical
mergetool which will work you through the merge.
* Look at the diffs. 'git diff' will show a three-way diff,
highlighting changes from both the HEAD and remote versions.
* Look at the diffs. `git diff` will show a three-way diff,
highlighting changes from both the `HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`
versions.
* Look at the diffs on their own. 'git log --merge -p <path>'
will show diffs first for the HEAD version and then the
remote version.
* Look at the diffs from each branch. `git log --merge -p <path>`
will show diffs first for the `HEAD` version and then the
`MERGE_HEAD` version.
* Look at the originals. 'git show :1:filename' shows the
common ancestor, 'git show :2:filename' shows the HEAD
version and 'git show :3:filename' shows the remote version.
* Look at the originals. `git show :1:filename` shows the
common ancestor, `git show :2:filename` shows the `HEAD`
version, and `git show :3:filename` shows the `MERGE_HEAD`
version.
EXAMPLES
--------
* Merge branches `fixes` and `enhancements` on top of
the current branch, making an octopus merge:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git merge fixes enhancements
------------------------------------------------
* Merge branch `obsolete` into the current branch, using `ours`
merge strategy:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git merge -s ours obsolete
------------------------------------------------
* Merge branch `maint` into the current branch, but do not make
a new commit automatically:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git merge --no-commit maint
------------------------------------------------
+
This can be used when you want to include further changes to the
merge, or want to write your own merge commit message.
+
You should refrain from abusing this option to sneak substantial
changes into a merge commit. Small fixups like bumping
release/version name would be acceptable.
include::merge-strategies.txt[]
CONFIGURATION
-------------
include::merge-config.txt[]
branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
supported options are the same as those of 'git merge', but option
values containing whitespace characters are currently not supported.
SEE ALSO
--------

18
Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
View File

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
-----------
Use `git mergetool` to run one of several merge utilities to resolve
merge conflicts. It is typically run after 'git-merge'.
merge conflicts. It is typically run after 'git merge'.
If one or more <file> parameters are given, the merge tool program will
be run to resolve differences on each file. If no <file> names are
specified, 'git-mergetool' will run the merge tool program on every file
specified, 'git mergetool' will run the merge tool program on every file
with merge conflicts.
OPTIONS
@@ -27,25 +27,25 @@ OPTIONS
Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>.
Valid merge tools are:
kdiff3, tkdiff, meld, xxdiff, emerge, vimdiff, gvimdiff, ecmerge,
diffuse, tortoisemerge, opendiff and araxis.
diffuse, tortoisemerge, opendiff, p4merge and araxis.
+
If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git-mergetool'
If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git mergetool'
will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`. If the
configuration variable `merge.tool` is not set, 'git-mergetool'
configuration variable `merge.tool` is not set, 'git mergetool'
will pick a suitable default.
+
You can explicitly provide a full path to the tool by setting the
configuration variable `mergetool.<tool>.path`. For example, you
can configure the absolute path to kdiff3 by setting
`mergetool.kdiff3.path`. Otherwise, 'git-mergetool' assumes the
`mergetool.kdiff3.path`. Otherwise, 'git mergetool' assumes the
tool is available in PATH.
+
Instead of running one of the known merge tool programs,
'git-mergetool' can be customized to run an alternative program
'git mergetool' can be customized to run an alternative program
by specifying the command line to invoke in a configuration
variable `mergetool.<tool>.cmd`.
+
When 'git-mergetool' is invoked with this tool (either through the
When 'git mergetool' is invoked with this tool (either through the
`-t` or `--tool` option or the `merge.tool` configuration
variable) the configured command line will be invoked with `$BASE`
set to the name of a temporary file containing the common base for
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ merge resolution.
If the custom merge tool correctly indicates the success of a
merge resolution with its exit code, then the configuration
variable `mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode` can be set to `true`.
Otherwise, 'git-mergetool' will prompt the user to indicate the
Otherwise, 'git mergetool' will prompt the user to indicate the
success of the resolution after the custom tool has exited.
-y::

4
Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
View File

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Finds symbolic names suitable for human digestion for revisions given in any
format parsable by 'git-rev-parse'.
format parsable by 'git rev-parse'.
OPTIONS
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ wrote you about that fantastic commit 33db5f4d9027a10e477ccf054b2c1ab94f74c85a.
Of course, you look into the commit, but that only tells you what happened, but
not the context.
Enter 'git-name-rev':
Enter 'git name-rev':
------------
% git name-rev 33db5f4d9027a10e477ccf054b2c1ab94f74c85a

60
Documentation/git-notes.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
git-notes(1)
============
NAME
----
git-notes - Add/inspect commit notes
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git notes' (edit [-F <file> | -m <msg>] | show) [commit]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This command allows you to add notes to commit messages, without
changing the commit. To discern these notes from the message stored
in the commit object, the notes are indented like the message, after
an unindented line saying "Notes:".
To disable commit notes, you have to set the config variable
core.notesRef to the empty string. Alternatively, you can set it
to a different ref, something like "refs/notes/bugzilla". This setting
can be overridden by the environment variable "GIT_NOTES_REF".
SUBCOMMANDS
-----------
edit::
Edit the notes for a given commit (defaults to HEAD).
show::
Show the notes for a given commit (defaults to HEAD).
OPTIONS
-------
-m <msg>::
Use the given note message (instead of prompting).
If multiple `-m` (or `-F`) options are given, their
values are concatenated as separate paragraphs.
-F <file>::
Take the note message from the given file. Use '-' to
read the note message from the standard input.
If multiple `-F` (or `-m`) options are given, their
values are concatenated as separate paragraphs.
Author
------
Written by Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Documentation
-------------
Documentation by Johannes Schindelin
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite

18
Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
View File

@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ git-pack-objects - Create a packed archive of objects
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git pack-objects' [-q] [--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
[--local] [--incremental] [--window=N] [--depth=N] [--all-progress]
'git pack-objects' [-q | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied]
[--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
[--local] [--incremental] [--window=N] [--depth=N]
[--revs [--unpacked | --all]*] [--stdout | base-name]
[--keep-true-parents] < object-list
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ Placing both in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
enables git to read from such an archive.
The 'git-unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull
commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ base-name::
--revs::
Read the revision arguments from the standard input, instead of
individual object names. The revision arguments are processed
the same way as 'git-rev-list' with the `--objects` flag
the same way as 'git rev-list' with the `--objects` flag
uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it
outputs. The objects on the resulting list are packed.
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ base-name::
--all-progress::
When --stdout is specified then progress report is
displayed during the object count and deltification phases
displayed during the object count and compression phases
but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
to another command which may wish to display progress
@@ -146,6 +147,11 @@ base-name::
report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
used.
--all-progress-implied::
This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
is activated. Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn't actually
force any progress display by itself.
-q::
This flag makes the command not to report its progress
on the standard error stream.
@@ -176,7 +182,7 @@ base-name::
A packed archive can express base object of a delta as
either 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
stream, but older version of git does not understand the
latter. By default, 'git-pack-objects' only uses the
latter. By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
former format for better compatibility. This option
allows the command to use the latter format for
compactness. Depending on the average delta chain

2
Documentation/git-pack-redundant.txt
View File

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This program computes which packs in your repository
are redundant. The output is suitable for piping to
`xargs rm` if you are in the root of the repository.
'git-pack-redundant' accepts a list of objects on standard input. Any objects
'git pack-redundant' accepts a list of objects on standard input. Any objects
given will be ignored when checking which packs are required. This makes the
following command useful when wanting to remove packs which contain unreachable
objects.

2
Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
View File

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
IOW, you can use this thing to look for likely duplicate commits.
When dealing with 'git-diff-tree' output, it takes advantage of
When dealing with 'git diff-tree' output, it takes advantage of
the fact that the patch is prefixed with the object name of the
commit, and outputs two 40-byte hexadecimal strings. The first
string is the patch ID, and the second string is the commit ID.

2
Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt
View File

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This command is deprecated; use 'git-ls-remote' instead.
This command is deprecated; use 'git ls-remote' instead.
OPTIONS
-------

16
Documentation/git-prune.txt
View File

@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ git-prune - Prune all unreachable objects from the object database
SYNOPSIS
--------
'git-prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] [--] [<head>...]
'git prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] [--] [<head>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
NOTE: In most cases, users should run 'git-gc', which calls
'git-prune'. See the section "NOTES", below.
NOTE: In most cases, users should run 'git gc', which calls
'git prune'. See the section "NOTES", below.
This runs 'git-fsck --unreachable' using all the refs
This runs 'git fsck --unreachable' using all the refs
available in `$GIT_DIR/refs`, optionally with additional set of
objects specified on the command line, and prunes all unpacked
objects unreachable from any of these head objects from the object database.
In addition, it
prunes the unpacked objects that are also found in packs by
running 'git-prune-packed'.
running 'git prune-packed'.
Note that unreachable, packed objects will remain. If this is
not desired, see linkgit:git-repack[1].
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ $ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all))
Notes
-----
In most cases, users will not need to call 'git-prune' directly, but
should instead call 'git-gc', which handles pruning along with
In most cases, users will not need to call 'git prune' directly, but
should instead call 'git gc', which handles pruning along with
many other housekeeping tasks.
For a description of which objects are considered for pruning, see
'git-fsck''s --unreachable option.
'git fsck''s --unreachable option.
SEE ALSO
--------

70
Documentation/git-pull.txt
View File

@@ -13,19 +13,27 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Runs 'git-fetch' with the given parameters, and calls 'git-merge'
Runs 'git fetch' with the given parameters, and calls 'git merge'
to merge the retrieved head(s) into the current branch.
With `--rebase`, calls 'git-rebase' instead of 'git-merge'.
With `--rebase`, calls 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
Note that you can use `.` (current directory) as the
<repository> to pull from the local repository -- this is useful
when merging local branches into the current branch.
Also note that options meant for 'git-pull' itself and underlying
'git-merge' must be given before the options meant for 'git-fetch'.
Also note that options meant for 'git pull' itself and underlying
'git merge' must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
*Warning*: Running 'git pull' (actually, the underlying 'git merge')
with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
in a state that is hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
OPTIONS
-------
Options related to merging
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::merge-options.txt[]
:git-pull: 1
@@ -47,6 +55,9 @@ unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
--no-rebase::
Override earlier --rebase.
Options related to fetching
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::fetch-options.txt[]
include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
@@ -131,58 +142,17 @@ $ git pull origin next
------------------------------------------------
+
This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
does not update any remote-tracking branches.
* Bundle local branch `fixes` and `enhancements` on top of
the current branch, making an Octopus merge:
does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git pull . fixes enhancements
$ git fetch origin
$ git merge origin/next
------------------------------------------------
+
This `git pull .` syntax is equivalent to `git merge`.
* Merge local branch `obsolete` into the current branch, using `ours`
merge strategy:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git pull -s ours . obsolete
------------------------------------------------
* Merge local branch `maint` into the current branch, but do not make
a commit automatically:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git pull --no-commit . maint
------------------------------------------------
+
This can be used when you want to include further changes to the
merge, or want to write your own merge commit message.
+
You should refrain from abusing this option to sneak substantial
changes into a merge commit. Small fixups like bumping
release/version name would be acceptable.
* Command line pull of multiple branches from one repository:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout master
$ git fetch origin +pu:pu maint:tmp
$ git pull . tmp
------------------------------------------------
+
This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches `pu` and `tmp` in
the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
`pu` and `maint` from the remote repository.
+
The `pu` branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward;
the others will not be.
+
The final command then merges the newly fetched `tmp` into master.
If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
would want to start over, you can recover with 'git-reset'.
would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
SEE ALSO

38
Documentation/git-push.txt
View File

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
[--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose]
[--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
[<repository> <refspec>...]
DESCRIPTION
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ updated.
+
The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
update can fast forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
update can fast-forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
fast forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See
fast-forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See
EXAMPLES below for details.
+
`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ EXAMPLES below for details.
Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
the remote repository.
+
The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast forward updates)
The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full
symbolic names of the refs will be given.
--delete::
All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is
the same as prefixing all refs with a colon.
--tags::
All refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are pushed, in
addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
--repo=<repository>::
This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git-push' derives the
passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git push' derives the
remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
@@ -126,11 +130,18 @@ git push --repo=public #2
+
is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
useful if you write an alias or script around 'git-push'.
useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
-u::
--set-upstream::
For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
see 'branch.<name>.merge' in linkgit:git-config[1].
--thin::
--no-thin::
These options are passed to 'git-send-pack'. Thin
These options are passed to 'git send-pack'. Thin
transfer spends extra cycles to minimize the number of
objects to be sent and meant to be used on slower connection.
@@ -138,6 +149,11 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git-push'.
--verbose::
Run verbosely.
-q::
--quiet::
Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs,
unless an error occurs.
include::urls-remotes.txt[]
OUTPUT
@@ -171,10 +187,10 @@ summary::
For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
`git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
`<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast forward updates). For a
`<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates). For a
failed update, more details are given for the failure.
The string `rejected` indicates that git did not try to send the
ref at all (typically because it is not a fast forward). The
ref at all (typically because it is not a fast-forward). The
string `remote rejected` indicates that the remote end refused
the update; this rejection is typically caused by a hook on the
remote side. The string `remote failure` indicates that the
@@ -342,9 +358,9 @@ git push origin :experimental::
git push origin {plus}dev:master::
Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
allowing non-fast forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced
allowing non-fast-forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced
commits dangling in the origin repository.* Consider the
following situation, where a fast forward is not possible:
following situation, where a fast-forward is not possible:
+
----
o---o---o---A---B origin/master

96
Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
View File

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
'git read-tree' [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>]
[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]]
[--index-output=<file>]
[--index-output=<file>] [--no-sparse-checkout]
<tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]]
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ fast-forward (i.e. 2-way) merge, or a 3-way merge, with the `-m`
flag. When used with `-m`, the `-u` flag causes it to also update
the files in the work tree with the result of the merge.
Trivial merges are done by 'git-read-tree' itself. Only conflicting paths
will be in unmerged state when 'git-read-tree' returns.
Trivial merges are done by 'git read-tree' itself. Only conflicting paths
will be in unmerged state when 'git read-tree' returns.
OPTIONS
-------
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ OPTIONS
Show the progress of checking files out.
--trivial::
Restrict three-way merge by 'git-read-tree' to happen
Restrict three-way merge by 'git read-tree' to happen
only if there is no file-level merging required, instead
of resolving merge for trivial cases and leaving
conflicting files unresolved in the index.
--aggressive::
Usually a three-way merge by 'git-read-tree' resolves
Usually a three-way merge by 'git read-tree' resolves
the merge for really trivial cases and leaves other
cases unresolved in the index, so that Porcelains can
implement different merge policies. This flag makes the
@@ -110,13 +110,17 @@ OPTIONS
directories the index file and index output file are
located in.
--no-sparse-checkout::
Disable sparse checkout support even if `core.sparseCheckout`
is true.
<tree-ish#>::
The id of the tree object(s) to be read/merged.
Merging
-------
If `-m` is specified, 'git-read-tree' can perform 3 kinds of
If `-m` is specified, 'git read-tree' can perform 3 kinds of
merge, a single tree merge if only 1 tree is given, a
fast-forward merge with 2 trees, or a 3-way merge if 3 trees are
provided.
@@ -124,18 +128,18 @@ provided.
Single Tree Merge
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If only 1 tree is specified, 'git-read-tree' operates as if the user did not
If only 1 tree is specified, 'git read-tree' operates as if the user did not
specify `-m`, except that if the original index has an entry for a
given pathname, and the contents of the path matches with the tree
being read, the stat info from the index is used. (In other words, the
index's stat()s take precedence over the merged tree's).
That means that if you do a `git read-tree -m <newtree>` followed by a
`git checkout-index -f -u -a`, the 'git-checkout-index' only checks out
`git checkout-index -f -u -a`, the 'git checkout-index' only checks out
the stuff that really changed.
This is used to avoid unnecessary false hits when 'git-diff-files' is
run after 'git-read-tree'.
This is used to avoid unnecessary false hits when 'git diff-files' is
run after 'git read-tree'.
Two Tree Merge
@@ -144,9 +148,9 @@ Two Tree Merge
Typically, this is invoked as `git read-tree -m $H $M`, where $H
is the head commit of the current repository, and $M is the head
of a foreign tree, which is simply ahead of $H (i.e. we are in a
fast forward situation).
fast-forward situation).
When two trees are specified, the user is telling 'git-read-tree'
When two trees are specified, the user is telling 'git read-tree'
the following:
1. The current index and work tree is derived from $H, but
@@ -199,10 +203,10 @@ Here are the "carry forward" rules:
In all "keep index" cases, the index entry stays as in the
original index file. If the entry were not up to date,
'git-read-tree' keeps the copy in the work tree intact when
'git read-tree' keeps the copy in the work tree intact when
operating under the -u flag.
When this form of 'git-read-tree' returns successfully, you can
When this form of 'git read-tree' returns successfully, you can
see what "local changes" you made are carried forward by running
`git diff-index --cached $M`. Note that this does not
necessarily match `git diff-index --cached $H` would have
@@ -225,7 +229,7 @@ of the path is kept as long as $H and $M are the same.
Each "index" entry has two bits worth of "stage" state. stage 0 is the
normal one, and is the only one you'd see in any kind of normal use.
However, when you do 'git-read-tree' with three trees, the "stage"
However, when you do 'git read-tree' with three trees, the "stage"
starts out at 1.
This means that you can do
@@ -241,7 +245,7 @@ branch into the current branch, we use the common ancestor tree
as <tree1>, the current branch head as <tree2>, and the other
branch head as <tree3>.
Furthermore, 'git-read-tree' has special-case logic that says: if you see
Furthermore, 'git read-tree' has special-case logic that says: if you see
a file that matches in all respects in the following states, it
"collapses" back to "stage0":
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ a file that matches in all respects in the following states, it
- stage 1 and stage 3 are the same and stage 2 is different take
stage 2 (we did something while they did nothing)
The 'git-write-tree' command refuses to write a nonsensical tree, and it
The 'git write-tree' command refuses to write a nonsensical tree, and it
will complain about unmerged entries if it sees a single entry that is not
stage 0.
@@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ start a 3-way merge with an index file that is already
populated. Here is an outline of how the algorithm works:
- if a file exists in identical format in all three trees, it will
automatically collapse to "merged" state by 'git-read-tree'.
automatically collapse to "merged" state by 'git read-tree'.
- a file that has _any_ difference what-so-ever in the three trees
will stay as separate entries in the index. It's up to "porcelain
@@ -297,8 +301,8 @@ populated. Here is an outline of how the algorithm works:
matching "stage1" entry if it exists too. .. all the normal
trivial rules ..
You would normally use 'git-merge-index' with supplied
'git-merge-one-file' to do this last step. The script updates
You would normally use 'git merge-index' with supplied
'git merge-one-file' to do this last step. The script updates
the files in the working tree as it merges each path and at the
end of a successful merge.
@@ -320,7 +324,7 @@ $ JC=`git rev-parse --verify "HEAD^0"`
$ git checkout-index -f -u -a $JC
----------------
You do random edits, without running 'git-update-index'. And then
You do random edits, without running 'git update-index'. And then
you notice that the tip of your "upstream" tree has advanced
since you pulled from him:
@@ -346,20 +350,66 @@ your work-in-progress changes, and your work tree would be
updated to the result of the merge.
However, if you have local changes in the working tree that
would be overwritten by this merge, 'git-read-tree' will refuse
would be overwritten by this merge, 'git read-tree' will refuse
to run to prevent your changes from being lost.
In other words, there is no need to worry about what exists only
in the working tree. When you have local changes in a part of
the project that is not involved in the merge, your changes do
not interfere with the merge, and are kept intact. When they
*do* interfere, the merge does not even start ('git-read-tree'
*do* interfere, the merge does not even start ('git read-tree'
complains loudly and fails without modifying anything). In such
a case, you can simply continue doing what you were in the
middle of doing, and when your working tree is ready (i.e. you
have finished your work-in-progress), attempt the merge again.
Sparse checkout
---------------
"Sparse checkout" allows to sparsely populate working directory.
It uses skip-worktree bit (see linkgit:git-update-index[1]) to tell
Git whether a file on working directory is worth looking at.
"git read-tree" and other merge-based commands ("git merge", "git
checkout"...) can help maintaining skip-worktree bitmap and working
directory update. `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` is used to
define the skip-worktree reference bitmap. When "git read-tree" needs
to update working directory, it will reset skip-worktree bit in index
based on this file, which uses the same syntax as .gitignore files.
If an entry matches a pattern in this file, skip-worktree will be
set on that entry. Otherwise, skip-worktree will be unset.
Then it compares the new skip-worktree value with the previous one. If
skip-worktree turns from unset to set, it will add the corresponding
file back. If it turns from set to unset, that file will be removed.
While `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` is usually used to specify what
files are in. You can also specify what files are _not_ in, using
negate patterns. For example, to remove file "unwanted":
----------------
*
!unwanted
----------------
Another tricky thing is fully repopulating working directory when you
no longer want sparse checkout. You cannot just disable "sparse
checkout" because skip-worktree are still in the index and you working
directory is still sparsely populated. You should re-populate working
directory with the `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` file content as
follows:
----------------
*
----------------
Then you can disable sparse checkout. Sparse checkout support in "git
read-tree" and similar commands is disabled by default. You need to
turn `core.sparseCheckout` on in order to have sparse checkout
support.
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-write-tree[1]; linkgit:git-ls-files[1];

82
Documentation/git-rebase.txt
View File

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
If <branch> is specified, 'git-rebase' will perform an automatic
If <branch> is specified, 'git rebase' will perform an automatic
`git checkout <branch>` before doing anything else. Otherwise
it remains on the current branch.
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ This is useful if F and G were flawed in some way, or should not be
part of topicA. Note that the argument to --onto and the <upstream>
parameter can be any valid commit-ish.
In case of conflict, 'git-rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
and leave conflict markers in the tree. You can use 'git-diff' to locate
In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
and leave conflict markers in the tree. You can use 'git diff' to locate
the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict. For each
file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
typically this would be done with
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ desired resolution, you can continue the rebasing process with
git rebase --continue
Alternatively, you can undo the 'git-rebase' with
Alternatively, you can undo the 'git rebase' with
git rebase --abort
@@ -228,13 +228,23 @@ OPTIONS
Use merging strategies to rebase. When the recursive (default) merge
strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the
upstream side.
+
Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working
branch on top of the <upstream> branch. Because of this, when a merge
conflict happens, the side reported as 'ours' is the so-far rebased
series, starting with <upstream>, and 'theirs' is the working branch. In
other words, the sides are swapped.
-s <strategy>::
--strategy=<strategy>::
Use the given merge strategy.
If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies
is used instead ('git-merge-recursive' when merging a single
head, 'git-merge-octopus' otherwise). This implies --merge.
If there is no `-s` option 'git merge-recursive' is used
instead. This implies --merge.
+
Because 'git rebase' replays each commit from the working branch
on top of the <upstream> branch using the given strategy, using
the 'ours' strategy simply discards all patches from the <branch>,
which makes little sense.
-q::
--quiet::
@@ -270,13 +280,13 @@ OPTIONS
--ignore-whitespace::
--whitespace=<option>::
These flag are passed to the 'git-apply' program
These flag are passed to the 'git apply' program
(see linkgit:git-apply[1]) that applies the patch.
Incompatible with the --interactive option.
--committer-date-is-author-date::
--ignore-date::
These flags are passed to 'git-am' to easily change the dates
These flags are passed to 'git am' to easily change the dates
of the rebased commits (see linkgit:git-am[1]).
-i::
@@ -298,12 +308,22 @@ OPTIONS
root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
instead.
--autosquash::
When the commit log message begins with "squash! ..." (or
"fixup! ..."), and there is a commit whose title begins with
the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the
commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved
commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
+
This option is only valid when '--interactive' option is used.
include::merge-strategies.txt[]
NOTES
-----
You should understand the implications of using 'git-rebase' on a
You should understand the implications of using 'git rebase' on a
repository that you share. See also RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE
below.
@@ -359,27 +379,33 @@ pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
...
-------------------------------------------
The oneline descriptions are purely for your pleasure; 'git-rebase' will
The oneline descriptions are purely for your pleasure; 'git rebase' will
not look at them but at the commit names ("deadbee" and "fa1afe1" in this
example), so do not delete or edit the names.
By replacing the command "pick" with the command "edit", you can tell
'git-rebase' to stop after applying that commit, so that you can edit
'git rebase' to stop after applying that commit, so that you can edit
the files and/or the commit message, amend the commit, and continue
rebasing.
If you want to fold two or more commits into one, replace the command
"pick" with "squash" for the second and subsequent commit. If the
commits had different authors, it will attribute the squashed commit to
the author of the first commit.
If you just want to edit the commit message for a commit, replace the
command "pick" with the command "reword".
In both cases, or when a "pick" does not succeed (because of merge
errors), the loop will stop to let you fix things, and you can continue
the loop with `git rebase --continue`.
If you want to fold two or more commits into one, replace the command
"pick" for the second and subsequent commits with "squash" or "fixup".
If the commits had different authors, the folded commit will be
attributed to the author of the first commit. The suggested commit
message for the folded commit is the concatenation of the commit
messages of the first commit and of those with the "squash" command,
but omits the commit messages of commits with the "fixup" command.
'git rebase' will stop when "pick" has been replaced with "edit" or
when a command fails due to merge errors. When you are done editing
and/or resolving conflicts you can continue with `git rebase --continue`.
For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, such that what
was HEAD~4 becomes the new HEAD. To achieve that, you would call
'git-rebase' like this:
'git rebase' like this:
----------------------
$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
@@ -409,7 +435,7 @@ SPLITTING COMMITS
-----------------
In interactive mode, you can mark commits with the action "edit". However,
this does not necessarily mean that 'git-rebase' expects the result of this
this does not necessarily mean that 'git rebase' expects the result of this
edit to be exactly one commit. Indeed, you can undo the commit, or you can
add other commits. This can be used to split a commit into two:
@@ -425,7 +451,7 @@ add other commits. This can be used to split a commit into two:
- Now add the changes to the index that you want to have in the first
commit. You can use `git add` (possibly interactively) or
'git-gui' (or both) to do that.
'git gui' (or both) to do that.
- Commit the now-current index with whatever commit message is appropriate
now.
@@ -436,7 +462,7 @@ add other commits. This can be used to split a commit into two:
If you are not absolutely sure that the intermediate revisions are
consistent (they compile, pass the testsuite, etc.) you should use
'git-stash' to stash away the not-yet-committed changes
'git stash' to stash away the not-yet-committed changes
after each commit, test, and amend the commit if fixes are necessary.
@@ -499,8 +525,8 @@ Easy case: The changes are literally the same.::
Hard case: The changes are not the same.::
This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase had conflicts, or used
`\--interactive` to omit, edit, or squash commits; or if the
upstream used one of `commit \--amend`, `reset`, or
`\--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or
if the upstream used one of `commit \--amend`, `reset`, or
`filter-branch`.
@@ -511,7 +537,7 @@ Only works if the changes (patch IDs based on the diff contents) on
'subsystem' are literally the same before and after the rebase
'subsystem' did.
In that case, the fix is easy because 'git-rebase' knows to skip
In that case, the fix is easy because 'git rebase' knows to skip
changes that are already present in the new upstream. So if you say
(assuming you're on 'topic')
------------
@@ -538,12 +564,12 @@ NOTE: While an "easy case recovery" sometimes appears to be successful
example, a commit that was removed via `git rebase
\--interactive` will be **resurrected**!
The idea is to manually tell 'git-rebase' "where the old 'subsystem'
The idea is to manually tell 'git rebase' "where the old 'subsystem'
ended and your 'topic' began", that is, what the old merge-base
between them was. You will have to find a way to name the last commit
of the old 'subsystem', for example:
* With the 'subsystem' reflog: after 'git-fetch', the old tip of
* With the 'subsystem' reflog: after 'git fetch', the old tip of
'subsystem' is at `subsystem@\{1}`. Subsequent fetches will
increase the number. (See linkgit:git-reflog[1].)

8
Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
View File

@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ git-receive-pack - Receive what is pushed into the repository
SYNOPSIS
--------
'git receive-pack' <directory>
'git-receive-pack' <directory>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Invoked by 'git-send-pack' and updates the repository with the
Invoked by 'git send-pack' and updates the repository with the
information fed from the remote end.
This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.
The UI for the protocol is on the 'git-send-pack' side, and the
The UI for the protocol is on the 'git send-pack' side, and the
program pair is meant to be used to push updates to remote
repository. For pull operations, see linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
The command allows for creation and fast forwarding of sha1 refs
The command allows for creation and fast-forwarding of sha1 refs
(heads/tags) on the remote end (strictly speaking, it is the
local end 'git-receive-pack' runs, but to the user who is sitting at
the send-pack end, it is updating the remote. Confused?)

2
Documentation/git-reflog.txt
View File

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ OPTIONS
refs.
+
This computation involves traversing all the reachable objects, i.e. it
has the same cost as 'git-prune'. Fortunately, once this is run, we
has the same cost as 'git prune'. Fortunately, once this is run, we
should not have to ever worry about missing objects, because the current
prune and pack-objects know about reflogs and protect objects referred by
them.

143
Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
View File

@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
'capabilities'::
Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending
with a blank line.
with a blank line. Each capability may be preceeded with '*'.
This marks them mandatory for git version using the remote
helper to understand (unknown mandatory capability is fatal
error).
'list'::
Lists the refs, one per line, in the format "<value> <name>
@@ -34,15 +37,76 @@ Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
value of the ref. A space-separated list of attributes follows
the name; unrecognized attributes are ignored. After the
complete list, outputs a blank line.
+
If 'push' is supported this may be called as 'list for-push'
to obtain the current refs prior to sending one or more 'push'
commands to the helper.
'option' <name> <value>::
Set the transport helper option <name> to <value>. Outputs a
single line containing one of 'ok' (option successfully set),
'unsupported' (option not recognized) or 'error <msg>'
(option <name> is supported but <value> is not correct
for it). Options should be set before other commands,
and may how those commands behave.
+
Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
'fetch' <sha1> <name>::
Fetches the given object, writing the necessary objects to the
database. Outputs a blank line when the fetch is
complete. Only objects which were reported in the ref list
with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
Fetches the given object, writing the necessary objects
to the database. Fetch commands are sent in a batch, one
per line, and the batch is terminated with a blank line.
Outputs a single blank line when all fetch commands in the
same batch are complete. Only objects which were reported
in the ref list with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
+
Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
suitably updated.
+
Supported if the helper has the "fetch" capability.
'push' +<src>:<dst>::
Pushes the given <src> commit or branch locally to the
remote branch described by <dst>. A batch sequence of
one or more push commands is terminated with a blank line.
+
Zero or more protocol options may be entered after the last 'push'
command, before the batch's terminating blank line.
+
When the push is complete, outputs one or more 'ok <dst>' or
'error <dst> <why>?' lines to indicate success or failure of
each pushed ref. The status report output is terminated by
a blank line. The option field <why> may be quoted in a C
style string if it contains an LF.
+
Supported if the helper has the "push" capability.
'import' <name>::
Produces a fast-import stream which imports the current value
of the named ref. It may additionally import other refs as
needed to construct the history efficiently. The script writes
to a helper-specific private namespace. The value of the named
ref should be written to a location in this namespace derived
by applying the refspecs from the "refspec" capability to the
name of the ref.
+
Supported if the helper has the "import" capability.
'connect' <service>::
Connects to given service. Standard input and standard output
of helper are connected to specified service (git prefix is
included in service name so e.g. fetching uses 'git-upload-pack'
as service) on remote side. Valid replies to this command are
empty line (connection established), 'fallback' (no smart
transport support, fall back to dumb transports) and just
exiting with error message printed (can't connect, don't
bother trying to fall back). After line feed terminating the
positive (empty) response, the output of service starts. After
the connection ends, the remote helper exits.
+
Supported if the helper has the "connect" capability.
If a fatal error occurs, the program writes the error message to
stderr and exits. The caller should expect that a suitable error
message has been printed if the child closes the connection without
@@ -57,14 +121,79 @@ CAPABILITIES
'fetch'::
This helper supports the 'fetch' command.
'option'::
This helper supports the option command.
'push'::
This helper supports the 'push' command.
'import'::
This helper supports the 'import' command.
'refspec' 'spec'::
When using the import command, expect the source ref to have
been written to the destination ref. The earliest applicable
refspec takes precedence. For example
"refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*" means that, after an
"import refs/heads/name", the script has written to
refs/svn/origin/branches/name. If this capability is used at
all, it must cover all refs reported by the list command; if
it is not used, it is effectively "*:*"
'connect'::
This helper supports the 'connect' command.
REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
-------------------
None are defined yet, but the caller must accept any which are supplied.
'for-push'::
The caller wants to use the ref list to prepare push
commands. A helper might chose to acquire the ref list by
opening a different type of connection to the destination.
'unchanged'::
This ref is unchanged since the last import or fetch, although
the helper cannot necessarily determine what value that produced.
OPTIONS
-------
'option verbosity' <N>::
Change the level of messages displayed by the helper.
When N is 0 the end-user has asked the process to be
quiet, and the helper should produce only error output.
N of 1 is the default level of verbosity, higher values
of N correspond to the number of -v flags passed on the
command line.
'option progress' \{'true'|'false'\}::
Enable (or disable) progress messages displayed by the
transport helper during a command.
'option depth' <depth>::
Deepen the history of a shallow repository.
'option followtags' \{'true'|'false'\}::
If enabled the helper should automatically fetch annotated
tag objects if the object the tag points at was transferred
during the fetch command. If the tag is not fetched by
the helper a second fetch command will usually be sent to
ask for the tag specifically. Some helpers may be able to
use this option to avoid a second network connection.
'option dry-run' \{'true'|'false'\}:
If true, pretend the operation completed successfully,
but don't actually change any repository data. For most
helpers this only applies to the 'push', if supported.
'option servpath <c-style-quoted-path>'::
Set service path (--upload-pack, --receive-pack etc.) for
next connect. Remote helper MAY support this option. Remote
helper MUST NOT rely on this option being set before
connect request occurs.
Documentation
-------------
Documentation by Daniel Barkalow.
Documentation by Daniel Barkalow and Ilari Liusvaara
GIT
---

26
Documentation/git-remote.txt
View File

@@ -13,10 +13,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--mirror] <name> <url>
'git remote rename' <old> <new>
'git remote rm' <name>
'git remote set-head' <name> [-a | -d | <branch>]
'git remote show' [-n] <name>
'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]
'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl>
'git remote set-url --delete' [--push] <name> <url>
'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>
'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>
'git remote update' [-p | --prune] [group | remote]...
'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'update' [-p | --prune] [group | remote]...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ OPTIONS
-v::
--verbose::
Be a little more verbose and show remote url after name.
NOTE: This must be placed between `remote` and `subcommand`.
COMMANDS
@@ -100,6 +104,20 @@ remote set-head origin master" will set `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to
`refs/remotes/origin/master` already exists; if not it must be fetched first.
+
'set-url'::
Changes URL remote points to. Sets first URL remote points to matching
regex <oldurl> (first URL if no <oldurl> is given) to <newurl>. If
<oldurl> doesn't match any URL, error occurs and nothing is changed.
+
With '--push', push URLs are manipulated instead of fetch URLs.
+
With '--add', instead of changing some URL, new URL is added.
+
With '--delete', instead of changing some URL, all URLs matching
regex <url> are deleted. Trying to delete all non-push URLs is an
error.
'show'::
Gives some information about the remote <name>.
@@ -160,7 +178,7 @@ $ git checkout -b nfs linux-nfs/master
...
------------
* Imitate 'git-clone' but track only selected branches
* Imitate 'git clone' but track only selected branches
+
------------
$ mkdir project.git

12
Documentation/git-repack.txt
View File

@@ -49,16 +49,16 @@ other objects in that pack they already have locally.
deleted by way of being left in the old pack and then
removed. Instead, the loose unreachable objects
will be pruned according to normal expiry rules
with the next 'git-gc' invocation. See linkgit:git-gc[1].
with the next 'git gc' invocation. See linkgit:git-gc[1].
-d::
After packing, if the newly created packs make some
existing packs redundant, remove the redundant packs.
Also run 'git-prune-packed' to remove redundant
Also run 'git prune-packed' to remove redundant
loose object files.
-l::
Pass the `--local` option to 'git-pack-objects'. See
Pass the `--local` option to 'git pack-objects'. See
linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
-f::
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ other objects in that pack they already have locally.
linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
-q::
Pass the `-q` option to 'git-pack-objects'. See
Pass the `-q` option to 'git pack-objects'. See
linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
-n::
Do not update the server information with
'git-update-server-info'. This option skips
'git update-server-info'. This option skips
updating local catalog files needed to publish
this repository (or a direct copy of it)
over HTTP or FTP. See linkgit:git-update-server-info[1].
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Configuration
When configuration variable `repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset` is set
for the repository, the command passes `--delta-base-offset`
option to 'git-pack-objects'; this typically results in slightly
option to 'git pack-objects'; this typically results in slightly
smaller packs, but the generated packs are incompatible with
versions of git older than (and including) v1.4.3; do not set
the variable in a repository that older version of git needs to

31
Documentation/git-replace.txt
View File

@@ -17,12 +17,36 @@ DESCRIPTION
Adds a 'replace' reference in `.git/refs/replace/`
The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
replaced. The content of the replace reference is the SHA1 of the
replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the
replacement object.
Unless `-f` is given, the replace reference must not yet exist in
Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist in
`.git/refs/replace/` directory.
Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands
except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and
fsck).
It is possible to disable use of replacement references for any
command using the `--no-replace-objects` option just after 'git'.
For example if commit 'foo' has been replaced by commit 'bar':
------------------------------------------------
$ git --no-replace-objects cat-file commit foo
------------------------------------------------
shows information about commit 'foo', while:
------------------------------------------------
$ git cat-file commit foo
------------------------------------------------
shows information about commit 'bar'.
The 'GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS' environment variable can be set to
achieve the same effect as the `--no-replace-objects` option.
OPTIONS
-------
-f::
@@ -41,7 +65,7 @@ OPTIONS
BUGS
----
Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that
replace them will not work properly. And using 'git reset --hard' to
replace them will not work properly. And using `git reset --hard` to
go back to a replaced commit will move the branch to the replacement
commit instead of the replaced commit.
@@ -54,6 +78,7 @@ SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-tag[1]
linkgit:git-branch[1]
linkgit:git[1]
Author
------

28
Documentation/git-rerere.txt
View File

@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ enable this command.
COMMANDS
--------
Normally, 'git-rerere' is run without arguments or user-intervention.
Normally, 'git rerere' is run without arguments or user-intervention.
However, it has several commands that allow it to interact with
its working state.
'clear'::
This resets the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
aborted. Calling 'git-am [--skip|--abort]' or 'git-rebase [--skip|--abort]'
aborted. Calling 'git am [--skip|--abort]' or 'git rebase [--skip|--abort]'
will automatically invoke this command.
'diff'::
@@ -142,32 +142,32 @@ finally ready and merged into the master branch. This merge
would require you to resolve the conflict, introduced by the
commits marked with `*`. However, this conflict is often the
same conflict you resolved when you created the test merge you
blew away. 'git-rerere' helps you resolve this final
blew away. 'git rerere' helps you resolve this final
conflicted merge using the information from your earlier hand
resolve.
Running the 'git-rerere' command immediately after a conflicted
Running the 'git rerere' command immediately after a conflicted
automerge records the conflicted working tree files, with the
usual conflict markers `<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>` in
them. Later, after you are done resolving the conflicts,
running 'git-rerere' again will record the resolved state of these
running 'git rerere' again will record the resolved state of these
files. Suppose you did this when you created the test merge of
master into the topic branch.
Next time, after seeing the same conflicted automerge,
running 'git-rerere' will perform a three-way merge between the
running 'git rerere' will perform a three-way merge between the
earlier conflicted automerge, the earlier manual resolution, and
the current conflicted automerge.
If this three-way merge resolves cleanly, the result is written
out to your working tree file, so you do not have to manually
resolve it. Note that 'git-rerere' leaves the index file alone,
resolve it. Note that 'git rerere' leaves the index file alone,
so you still need to do the final sanity checks with `git diff`
(or `git diff -c`) and 'git-add' when you are satisfied.
(or `git diff -c`) and 'git add' when you are satisfied.
As a convenience measure, 'git-merge' automatically invokes
'git-rerere' upon exiting with a failed automerge and 'git-rerere'
As a convenience measure, 'git merge' automatically invokes
'git rerere' upon exiting with a failed automerge and 'git rerere'
records the hand resolve when it is a new conflict, or reuses the earlier hand
resolve when it is not. 'git-commit' also invokes 'git-rerere'
resolve when it is not. 'git commit' also invokes 'git rerere'
when committing a merge result. What this means is that you do
not have to do anything special yourself (besides enabling
the rerere.enabled config variable).
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ resolution is recorded, and it will be reused when you do the
actual merge later with the updated master and topic branch, as long
as the recorded resolution is still applicable.
The information 'git-rerere' records is also used when running
'git-rebase'. After blowing away the test merge and continuing
The information 'git rerere' records is also used when running
'git rebase'. After blowing away the test merge and continuing
development on the topic branch:
------------
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ you could run `git rebase master topic`, to bring yourself
up-to-date before your topic is ready to be sent upstream.
This would result in falling back to a three-way merge, and it
would conflict the same way as the test merge you resolved earlier.
'git-rerere' will be run by 'git-rebase' to help you resolve this
'git rerere' will be run by 'git rebase' to help you resolve this
conflict.

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