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Git for Windows lags a little bit behind with the 2.x releases because the Git for Windows developers wanted to let that big jump coincide with a well-needed overhaul of the context within which Git for Windows is developed. To understand why this is such a big issue, it needs to be noted that many parts of Git are not written in portable C, but instead relies on a POSIX shell and Perl to be available. Even in the portable C part, there is the ingrained notion that we can work with UTF-8 encoded strings. To support the scripts, Git for Windows has to ship a minimal POSIX emulation layer with Bash and Perl thrown in, and when the Git for Windows effort started originally, in August 2007, we settled on using MSys, a stripped down version of Cygwin. Consequently, the original name of the project was "msysGit" (which, sadly, caused a *lot* of confusion because few Windows users know about MSys, and even less care). To compile the C code of Git for Windows, we used MSys, too: it sports an additional version of the GNU C Compiler that targets the plain Win32 API (with a few convenience functions thrown in) instead of the POSIX emulation layer that would require the MSys runtime to run the compiled programs. That way, Git for Windows' executable(s) are really just Win32 programs. To discern executables requiring the POSIX emulation layer from the ones that do not, the latter are called MinGW (Minimal GNU for Windows) when the former are called MSys executables. This reliance on MSys incurred challenges, too, though: some of our changes to the MSys runtime -- necessary to support Git for Windows better -- were not accepted upstream, the MSys runtime was not developed further to support e.g. UTF-8 or 64-bit, and apart from not having a package management system until much later (when mingw-get was introduced), many packages provided by the MSys/MinGW project lag behind the respective source code versions, in particular Bash and OpenSSL. For a while, the Git for Windows project tried to remedy the situation by trying to build newer versions of those packages, but the situation quickly became untenable, especially with problems like the Heartbleed bug requiring swift action and Git for Windows contributors being scarce -- despite millions of downloads suggesting that there are many users. After a brief push in the direction of mingw-get, thanks to the long-time contributor and co-maintainer Sebastian Schuberth, it became clear that we need to look for alternatives. Happily, in the meantime the MSys2 project (https://msys2.github.io/) emerged, and was chosen to be the base of the Git for Windows 2.x. MSys2 is a rewrite of the spirit of MSys: it is again a stripped down version of Cygwin, but it is actively kept up-to-date with Cygwin's source code. Thereby, it already supports Unicode internally, and it also offers the 64-bit support that we yearned for since the beginning of the Git for Windows project. MSys2 also ported the Pacman package management system from Arch Linux and uses it heavily. This brings the same convenience to which Linux users are used to from `yum` or `apt-get`, and to which MacOSX users are used to from Homebrew or MacPorts, or BSD users from the Ports system, to MSys2: a simple `pacman -Syu` will update all installed packages to the newest versions currently available. MSys2 is also *very* active, typically providing package updates multiple times per week. It still required a two-month effort to bring everything to a state where Git's test suite passes, and a couple of patches await their submission to the respective upstream projects. Yet without MSys2, the modernization of Git for Windows would simply not have happened. This commit lays the ground work to supporting MSys2-based Git builds. Assisted-by: Waldek Maleska <weakcamel@users.github.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> squash! config.mak.uname: support MSys2 Make sure that the nedmalloc patch is applied before.
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Git - the stupid content tracker
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"git" can mean anything, depending on your mood.
- random three-letter combination that is pronounceable, and not
actually used by any common UNIX command. The fact that it is a
mispronunciation of "get" may or may not be relevant.
- stupid. contemptible and despicable. simple. Take your pick from the
dictionary of slang.
- "global information tracker": you're in a good mood, and it actually
works for you. Angels sing, and a light suddenly fills the room.
- "goddamn idiotic truckload of sh*t": when it breaks
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
and full access to internals.
Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public
License version 2 (some parts of it are under different licenses,
compatible with the GPLv2). It was originally written by Linus
Torvalds with help of a group of hackers around the net.
Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
See Documentation/gittutorial.txt to get started, then see
Documentation/giteveryday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands, and
Documentation/git-commandname.txt for documentation of each command.
If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be
read with "man gittutorial" or "git help tutorial", and the
documentation of each command with "man git-commandname" or "git help
commandname".
CVS users may also want to read Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
("man gitcvs-migration" or "git help cvs-migration" if git is
installed).
Many Git online resources are accessible from http://git-scm.com/
including full documentation and Git related tools.
The user discussion and development of Git take place on the Git
mailing list -- everyone is welcome to post bug reports, feature
requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org (read
Documentation/SubmittingPatches for instructions on patch submission).
To subscribe to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in
the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are
available at http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/,
http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.
The maintainer frequently sends the "What's cooking" reports that
list the current status of various development topics to the mailing
list. The discussion following them give a good reference for
project status, development direction and remaining tasks.